LILRB2
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRB2 gene. This gene is a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR) family, which is found in a gene cluster at chromosomal region 19q13.4. The encoded protein belongs to the subfamily B class of LIR receptors which contain two or four extracellular immunoglobulin domains, a transmembrane domain, and two to four cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). The receptor is expressed on immune cells where it binds to MHC class I molecules on antigen-presenting cells and transduces a negative signal that inhibits stimulation of an immune response. It is thought to control inflammatory responses and cytotoxicity to help focus the immune response and limit autoreactivity. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. LILBR2 plays a critical role in the inhibition of axonal regeneration and functional recovery after brain injury. However, recent studies demonstrate that LILRB2 is a β-Amyloid receptor and may contribute to synaptic loss and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease.
| LILRB2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Aliases | LILRB2, ILT4, MIR10, LIR2, MIR-10, LIR-2, leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptor B2, ILT-4, CD85D | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 604815; HomoloGene: 136797; GeneCards: LILRB2; OMA:LILRB2 - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRB2 gene.[3][4][5]
This gene is a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR) family, which is found in a gene cluster at chromosomal region 19q13.4. The encoded protein belongs to the subfamily B class of LIR receptors which contain two or four extracellular immunoglobulin domains, a transmembrane domain, and two to four cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). The receptor is expressed on immune cells where it binds to MHC class I molecules on antigen-presenting cells and transduces a negative signal that inhibits stimulation of an immune response. It is thought to control inflammatory responses and cytotoxicity to help focus the immune response and limit autoreactivity. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[5]
LILBR2 plays a critical role in the inhibition of axonal regeneration and functional recovery after brain injury.[6] However, recent studies demonstrate that LILRB2 is a β-Amyloid receptor and may contribute to synaptic loss and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease.[7][8]
Interactions
[edit]LILRB2 has been shown to interact with PTPN6.[9][10]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c ENSG00000275463, ENSG00000131042, ENSG00000276146, ENSG00000277751 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000274513, ENSG00000275463, ENSG00000131042, ENSG00000276146, ENSG00000277751 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ Cella M, Döhring C, Samaridis J, Dessing M, Brockhaus M, Lanzavecchia A, et al. (May 1997). "A novel inhibitory receptor (ILT3) expressed on monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells involved in antigen processing". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 185 (10): 1743–1751. doi:10.1084/jem.185.10.1743. PMC 2196312. PMID 9151699.
- ^ Samaridis J, Colonna M (March 1997). "Cloning of novel immunoglobulin superfamily receptors expressed on human myeloid and lymphoid cells: structural evidence for new stimulatory and inhibitory pathways". European Journal of Immunology. 27 (3): 660–665. doi:10.1002/eji.1830270313. PMID 9079806. S2CID 2212182.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: LILRB2 leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor, subfamily B (with TM and ITIM domains), member 2".
- ^ Mi YJ, Chen H, Guo N, Sun MY, Zhao ZH, Gao XC, et al. (2017). "Inhibition of PirB Activity by TAT-PEP Improves Mouse Motor Ability and Cognitive Behavior". Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 9 199. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00199. PMC 5476690. PMID 28676756.
- ^ Lao K, Zhang R, Dai Y, Luan J, Guo N, Xu X, et al. (July 2021). "Identification of novel Aβ-LilrB2 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease". Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences. 114 103630. doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103630. PMID 34029694. S2CID 235203153.
- ^ Kim T, Vidal GS, Djurisic M, William CM, Birnbaum ME, Garcia KC, et al. (September 2013). "Human LilrB2 is a β-amyloid receptor and its murine homolog PirB regulates synaptic plasticity in an Alzheimer's model". Science. 341 (6152): 1399–1404. Bibcode:2013Sci...341.1399K. doi:10.1126/science.1242077. PMC 3853120. PMID 24052308.
- ^ Fanger NA, Cosman D, Peterson L, Braddy SC, Maliszewski CR, Borges L (November 1998). "The MHC class I binding proteins LIR-1 and LIR-2 inhibit Fc receptor-mediated signaling in monocytes". European Journal of Immunology. 28 (11): 3423–3434. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199811)28:11<3423::AID-IMMU3423>3.0.CO;2-2. PMID 9842885.
- ^ Colonna M, Samaridis J, Cella M, Angman L, Allen RL, O'Callaghan CA, et al. (April 1998). "Human myelomonocytic cells express an inhibitory receptor for classical and nonclassical MHC class I molecules". Journal of Immunology. 160 (7): 3096–3100. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.160.7.3096. PMID 9531263. S2CID 255370078.
Further reading
[edit]- Suciu-Foca N, Cortesini R (July 2007). "Central role of ILT3 in the T suppressor cell cascade". Cellular Immunology. 248 (1): 59–67. doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2007.01.013. PMID 17923119.
- Maruyama K, Sugano S (January 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–174. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
- Wagtmann N, Rojo S, Eichler E, Mohrenweiser H, Long EO (August 1997). "A new human gene complex encoding the killer cell inhibitory receptors and related monocyte/macrophage receptors". Current Biology. 7 (8): 615–618. Bibcode:1997CBio....7..615W. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00263-6. PMID 9259559. S2CID 14484039.
- Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (October 1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–156. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
- Colonna M, Navarro F, Bellón T, Llano M, García P, Samaridis J, et al. (December 1997). "A common inhibitory receptor for major histocompatibility complex class I molecules on human lymphoid and myelomonocytic cells". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 186 (11): 1809–1818. doi:10.1084/jem.186.11.1809. PMC 2199153. PMID 9382880.
- Colonna M, Samaridis J, Cella M, Angman L, Allen RL, O'Callaghan CA, et al. (April 1998). "Human myelomonocytic cells express an inhibitory receptor for classical and nonclassical MHC class I molecules". Journal of Immunology. 160 (7): 3096–3100. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.160.7.3096. PMID 9531263. S2CID 255370078.
- Borges L, Hsu ML, Fanger N, Kubin M, Cosman D (December 1997). "A family of human lymphoid and myeloid Ig-like receptors, some of which bind to MHC class I molecules". Journal of Immunology. 159 (11): 5192–5196. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.159.11.5192. PMID 9548455. S2CID 36907307.
- Fanger NA, Cosman D, Peterson L, Braddy SC, Maliszewski CR, Borges L (November 1998). "The MHC class I binding proteins LIR-1 and LIR-2 inhibit Fc receptor-mediated signaling in monocytes". European Journal of Immunology. 28 (11): 3423–3434. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199811)28:11<3423::AID-IMMU3423>3.0.CO;2-2. PMID 9842885.
- Allan DS, Colonna M, Lanier LL, Churakova TD, Abrams JS, Ellis SA, et al. (April 1999). "Tetrameric complexes of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G bind to peripheral blood myelomonocytic cells". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 189 (7): 1149–1156. doi:10.1084/jem.189.7.1149. PMC 2193000. PMID 10190906.
- Lepin EJ, Bastin JM, Allan DS, Roncador G, Braud VM, Mason DY, et al. (December 2000). "Functional characterization of HLA-F and binding of HLA-F tetramers to ILT2 and ILT4 receptors". European Journal of Immunology. 30 (12): 3552–3561. doi:10.1002/1521-4141(200012)30:12<3552::AID-IMMU3552>3.0.CO;2-L. PMID 11169396. S2CID 42462661.
- Young NT, Canavez F, Uhrberg M, Shum BP, Parham P (2001). "Conserved organization of the ILT/LIR gene family within the polymorphic human leukocyte receptor complex". Immunogenetics. 53 (4): 270–278. doi:10.1007/s002510100332. PMID 11491530. S2CID 2819935.
- Chang CC, Ciubotariu R, Manavalan JS, Yuan J, Colovai AI, Piazza F, et al. (March 2002). "Tolerization of dendritic cells by T(S) cells: the crucial role of inhibitory receptors ILT3 and ILT4". Nature Immunology. 3 (3): 237–243. doi:10.1038/ni760. PMID 11875462. S2CID 35400503.
- Willcox BE, Thomas LM, Chapman TL, Heikema AP, West AP, Bjorkman PJ (October 2002). "Crystal structure of LIR-2 (ILT4) at 1.8 A: differences from LIR-1 (ILT2) in regions implicated in the binding of the Human Cytomegalovirus class I MHC homolog UL18". BMC Structural Biology. 2 6. doi:10.1186/1472-6807-2-6. PMC 130215. PMID 12390682.
- Shiroishi M, Tsumoto K, Amano K, Shirakihara Y, Colonna M, Braud VM, et al. (July 2003). "Human inhibitory receptors Ig-like transcript 2 (ILT2) and ILT4 compete with CD8 for MHC class I binding and bind preferentially to HLA-G". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 100 (15): 8856–8861. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.8856S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1431057100. PMC 166403. PMID 12853576.
- Nakajima H, Asai A, Okada A, Ping L, Hamajima F, Sata T, et al. (December 2003). "Transcriptional regulation of ILT family receptors". Journal of Immunology. 171 (12): 6611–6620. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.171.12.6611. PMID 14662864.
- Papanikolaou NA, Vasilescu ER, Suciu-Foca N (July 2004). "Novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human immune inhibitory immunoglobulin-like T cell receptor type 4". Human Immunology. 65 (7): 700–705. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2004.04.003. PMID 15301858.
PDB gallery | |
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External links
[edit]- LILRB2+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- LILRB2 human gene location in the UCSC Genome Browser.
- LILRB2 human gene details in the UCSC Genome Browser.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
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