GPR50

GPR50
Identifiers
Aliases	GPR50, H9, Mel1c, G protein-coupled receptor 50
External IDs	OMIM: 300207; MGI: 1333877; HomoloGene: 3113; GeneCards: GPR50; OMA:GPR50 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	X chromosome (human)
End	151,181,465 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	X chromosome (mouse)
End	70,712,863 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	anterior pituitary; ; smooth muscle tissue; ; placenta; ; hypothalamus; ; ganglionic eminence; ; lymph node; ; islet of Langerhans; ; mucosa of esophagus; ; right adrenal cortex; ; uterus;
	Top expressed in
	median eminence; ; arcuate nucleus; ; gastrula; ; intestinal villus; ; Ileal epithelium; ; perirhinal cortex; ; entorhinal cortex; ; choroid plexus of fourth ventricle; ; tracheobronchial tree; ; CA3 field;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	melatonin receptor activity; G protein-coupled receptor activity; protein binding; signal transducer activity; identical protein binding;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane; integral component of plasma membrane; membrane; nucleoplasm; plasma membrane;
Biological process	cell-cell signaling; G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; signal transduction;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	9248
	14765
	ENSG00000102195
	ENSMUSG00000056380
	Q13585
	O88495
	NM_004224
	NM_010340; NM_001308501
	NP_004215
	NP_001295430; NP_034470
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

G protein-coupled receptor 50 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the GPR50 gene.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Function

GPR50 is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family of integral membrane proteins and is most closely related to the melatonin receptor.^[6] GPR50 is able to heterodimerize with both the MT₁ and MT₂ melatonin receptor subtypes. While GPR50 has no effect on MT₂ function, GPR50 prevented MT₁ from both binding melatonin and coupling to G proteins.^[8] GPR50 is the mammalian ortholog of melatonin receptor Mel1c described in non-mammalian vertebrates. ^[9]

Clinical significance

Certain polymorphisms of the GPR50 gene in females are associated with increased risk of developing bipolar affective disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia.^[10] Other GPR50 gene polymorphism are associated with higher fasting circulating triglyceride levels and lower circulating High-density lipoprotein levels.^[11]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000102195 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000056380 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Entrez Gene: GPR50 G protein-coupled receptor 50".
^ ^a ^b Reppert SM, Weaver DR, Ebisawa T, Mahle CD, Kolakowski LF (May 1996). "Cloning of a melatonin-related receptor from human pituitary". FEBS Letters. 386 (2–3): 219–24. Bibcode:1996FEBSL.386..219R. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00437-1. PMID 8647286.
^ Gubitz AK, Reppert SM (January 1999). "Assignment of the melatonin-related receptor to human chromosome X (GPR50) and mouse chromosome X (Gpr50)". Genomics. 55 (2): 248–51. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5661. PMID 9933574.
^ Levoye A, Dam J, Ayoub MA, Guillaume JL, Couturier C, Delagrange P, Jockers R (July 2006). "The orphan GPR50 receptor specifically inhibits MT1 melatonin receptor function through heterodimerization". The EMBO Journal. 25 (13): 3012–23. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601193. PMC 1500982. PMID 16778767.
^ Dufourny L, Levasseur A, Migaud M, Callebaut I, Pontarotti P, Malpaux B, Monget P (2008). "GPR50 is the mammalian ortholog of Mel1c: Evidence of rapid evolution in mammals". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8 (1) 105. Bibcode:2008BMCEE...8..105D. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-105. PMC 2323367. PMID 18400093.
^ Thomson PA, Wray NR, Thomson AM, Dunbar DR, Grassie MA, Condie A, Walker MT, Smith DJ, Pulford DJ, Muir W, Blackwood DH, Porteous DJ (May 2005). "Sex-specific association between bipolar affective disorder in women and GPR50, an X-linked orphan G protein-coupled receptor". Molecular Psychiatry. 10 (5): 470–8. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001593. PMID 15452587.
^ Bhattacharyya S, Luan J, Challis B, Keogh J, Montague C, Brennand J, Morten J, Lowenbeim S, Jenkins S, Farooqi IS, Wareham NJ, O'Rahilly S (April 2006). "Sequence variants in the melatonin-related receptor gene (GPR50) associate with circulating triglyceride and HDL levels". Journal of Lipid Research. 47 (4): 761–6. doi:10.1194/jlr.M500338-JLR200. PMID 16436372.

Reppert SM, Weaver DR, Ebisawa T, et al. (1996). "Cloning of a melatonin-related receptor from human pituitary". FEBS Lett. 386 (2–3): 219–24. Bibcode:1996FEBSL.386..219R. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00437-1. PMID 8647286.
Gubitz AK, Reppert SM (1999). "Assignment of the melatonin-related receptor to human chromosome X (GPR50) and mouse chromosome X (Gpr50)". Genomics. 55 (2): 248–51. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5661. PMID 9933574.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Slominski A, Pisarchik A, Zbytek B, et al. (2003). "Functional activity of serotoninergic and melatoninergic systems expressed in the skin". J. Cell. Physiol. 196 (1): 144–53. doi:10.1002/jcp.10287. PMID 12767050. S2CID 24534729.
Suzuki Y, Yamashita R, Shirota M, et al. (2004). "Sequence Comparison of Human and Mouse Genes Reveals a Homologous Block Structure in the Promoter Regions". Genome Res. 14 (9): 1711–8. doi:10.1101/gr.2435604. PMC 515316. PMID 15342556.
Thomson PA, Wray NR, Thomson AM, et al. (2005). "Sex-specific association between bipolar affective disorder in women and GPR50, an X-linked orphan G protein-coupled receptor". Mol. Psychiatry. 10 (5): 470–8. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001593. PMID 15452587.
Bhattacharyya S, Luan J, Challis B, et al. (2006). "Sequence variants in the melatonin-related receptor gene (GPR50) associate with circulating triglyceride and HDL levels". J. Lipid Res. 47 (4): 761–6. doi:10.1194/jlr.M500338-JLR200. PMID 16436372.
Levoye A, Dam J, Ayoub MA, et al. (2006). "The orphan GPR50 receptor specifically inhibits MT1 melatonin receptor function through heterodimerization". EMBO J. 25 (13): 3012–23. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601193. PMC 1500982. PMID 16778767.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000102195 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000056380 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-5] "Entrez Gene: GPR50 G protein-coupled receptor 50".

[pmid8647286-6] Reppert SM, Weaver DR, Ebisawa T, Mahle CD, Kolakowski LF (May 1996). "Cloning of a melatonin-related receptor from human pituitary". FEBS Letters. 386 (2–3): 219–24. Bibcode:1996FEBSL.386..219R. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00437-1. PMID 8647286.

[pmid9933574-7] Gubitz AK, Reppert SM (January 1999). "Assignment of the melatonin-related receptor to human chromosome X (GPR50) and mouse chromosome X (Gpr50)". Genomics. 55 (2): 248–51. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5661. PMID 9933574.

[pmid16778767-8] Levoye A, Dam J, Ayoub MA, Guillaume JL, Couturier C, Delagrange P, Jockers R (July 2006). "The orphan GPR50 receptor specifically inhibits MT1 melatonin receptor function through heterodimerization". The EMBO Journal. 25 (13): 3012–23. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601193. PMC 1500982. PMID 16778767.

[9] Dufourny L, Levasseur A, Migaud M, Callebaut I, Pontarotti P, Malpaux B, Monget P (2008). "GPR50 is the mammalian ortholog of Mel1c: Evidence of rapid evolution in mammals". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8 (1) 105. Bibcode:2008BMCEE...8..105D. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-105. PMC 2323367. PMID 18400093.

[pmid15452587-10] Thomson PA, Wray NR, Thomson AM, Dunbar DR, Grassie MA, Condie A, Walker MT, Smith DJ, Pulford DJ, Muir W, Blackwood DH, Porteous DJ (May 2005). "Sex-specific association between bipolar affective disorder in women and GPR50, an X-linked orphan G protein-coupled receptor". Molecular Psychiatry. 10 (5): 470–8. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001593. PMID 15452587.

[pmid16436372-11] Bhattacharyya S, Luan J, Challis B, Keogh J, Montague C, Brennand J, Morten J, Lowenbeim S, Jenkins S, Farooqi IS, Wareham NJ, O'Rahilly S (April 2006). "Sequence variants in the melatonin-related receptor gene (GPR50) associate with circulating triglyceride and HDL levels". Journal of Lipid Research. 47 (4): 761–6. doi:10.1194/jlr.M500338-JLR200. PMID 16436372.

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GPR50

Function

Clinical significance

References

Further reading