Thule

Thule, Antik Yunan ve Roma edebiyatında ve kartografisinde bahsedilen en kuzeydeki konumdur. İlk olarak MÖ 320 civarında Massalia'lı (günümüz Marsilya) Yunan kaşif Piteas tarafından yazılan bu yer, Piteas'ın aslında bir ada olarak tanımlamamasına rağmen, daha sonraki yazarlar tarafından genellikle İrlanda veya Britanya'nın kuzeyindeki bir ada olarak tanımlanmıştır.^[1] Günümüzde yapılan yorumlar arasında Orkney, Shetland, Kuzey İskoçya, Faroe Adaları ve İzlanda yer almaktadır. Diğer olası konumlar arasında Estonya'daki Saaremaa (Ösel) adası^[2]^[3] veya Norveç'teki Smøla adası^[4] bulunmaktadır.

Klasik ve Orta Çağ edebiyatında, ultima Thule (Latince "en uzak Thule"), "bilinen dünyanın sınırlarının ötesinde" bulunan herhangi bir uzak yerin mecazi anlamıdır.^[5] Thule, 19. yüzyılda, sıklıkla Norveç, Danimarka, tüm İskandinavya, büyük İskoç adalarından biri, Faroe Adaları veya bu yerlerin birkaçı ile özdeşleştirilmiştir.^[6]^[7]

Thule, daha eski zamanlarda birkaç yere adını vermişti. 1910 yılında kaşif Knud Rasmussen, kuzeybatı Grönland'da "Thule" adını verdiği bir misyonerlik ve ticaret merkezi kurdu. Daha sonra, kuzeybatı Grönland'ın en kuzeyinde bulunan bir ABD Hava Kuvvetlerine ait üsse Thule Hava Üssü ismi verildi. Üssün 6 Nisan 2023'te Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Uzay Kuvvetleri'ne devredilmesiyle birlikte adı Pituffik Uzay Üssü olarak değiştirildi.

Dış bağlantılar

Thule'ye dair klasik ve Rönesans kaynakları hakkında detaylı notlar içeren site

Kaynakça

^ Book IV, Chapter 5.
^ "Raamat: Saaremaa ongi Ultima Thule". Saarte Hääl. 16 Ekim 2015.
^ "Saaremaal arutati, kuidas Ultima Thule müüti turundamisel ära kasutada". 12 Aralık 2015.
^ Andreas Kleineberg, Christian Marx, Eberhard Knobloch und Dieter Lelgemann: Germania und die Insel Thule. Die Entschlüsselung von Ptolemaios' "Atlas der Oikumene". Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 2010.
^ Herrero, Nieves; Roseman, Sharon R. (2015). The Tourism Imaginary and Pilgrimages to the Edges of the World. Channel View Publications. s. 122. ISBN 9781845415235.
^ "English Dictionary, Thesaurus, & grammar help | Oxford Dictionaries". ^{[ölü/kırık bağlantı]}
^
Bostock & Riley (1893) page 352 (on "Chapter 30 (16) – Britannia") assert: "Opinions as to the identity of ancient Thule have been numerous in the extreme." The notes on Book IV of Pliny in an 1829 translation into French by Ajasson de Grandsagne mention six, which are taken word-for-word in translation by Bostock & Riley (their words in quotes): ―
- "That Thule is the island of Iceland." Burton (1875) pages 1, 25.
- "That it is either the Ferroe Group, or one of those islands." Burton pages 22–23.
- "The notion of Ortelius, Farnaby, and Schœnning, that it is identical with Thylemark in Norway." Burton page 25.
- "The opinion of Malte Brun, that the continental portion of Denmark is meant thereby, a part of which is to the present day called Thy or Thyland." Fotheringham (1862) page 497.
- "The opinion of Rudbeck and of Calstron, borrowed originally from Procopius, that this is a general name for the whole of Scandinavia." Grandsagne (1829) page 338: "L'idée de Rudbeck ... et de Calstron ... due originairement à Procope, qui ... a prononcé nettement que sous ce nom était comprise toute la Scandinavie." The reference is to Procopius Book III No. 4.
- "That of Gosselin, who thinks that under this name Mainland, the principal of the Shetland Islands, is meant. The reference to "Gosselin" or elsewhere "M. Gosselin" and his monumental work dating from the time of the French Revolution is much copied even though miscited. ("M." stands for Monsieur.) The Library of Congress catalog cites the work as: Gossellin, Pascal François Joseph (1813) [1798]. Recherches sur la géographie systématique et positive anciens; pour servir de base à l'histoire de la géographie ancienne. Paris: L'imprimerie de la république [etc.] an VI. LCCN 02007793.
The Thule reference is to be found here Vol 4 page 162 Bostock and Riley continue: "It is by no means impossible that under the name of Thule two or more of these localities may have been meant, by different authors writing at distant periods and under different states of geographical knowledge. It is also pretty generally acknowledged, as Parisot remarks, that the Thule mentioned by Ptolemy is identical with Thylemark in Norway."

[strabo_iv-1] Book IV, Chapter 5.

[Raamat:_Saaremaa_ongi_Ultima_Thule-2] "Raamat: Saaremaa ongi Ultima Thule". Saarte Hääl. 16 Ekim 2015.

[err.ee-3] "Saaremaal arutati, kuidas Ultima Thule müüti turundamisel ära kasutada". 12 Aralık 2015.

[Germania-4] Andreas Kleineberg, Christian Marx, Eberhard Knobloch und Dieter Lelgemann: Germania und die Insel Thule. Die Entschlüsselung von Ptolemaios' "Atlas der Oikumene". Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 2010.

[5] Herrero, Nieves; Roseman, Sharon R. (2015). The Tourism Imaginary and Pilgrimages to the Edges of the World. Channel View Publications. s. 122. ISBN 9781845415235.

[oxforddictionaries.com-6] "English Dictionary, Thesaurus, & grammar help | Oxford Dictionaries". ^{[ölü/kırık bağlantı]}

[7] Bostock & Riley (1893) page 352 (on "Chapter 30 (16) – Britannia") assert: "Opinions as to the identity of ancient Thule have been numerous in the extreme." The notes on Book IV of Pliny in an 1829 translation into French by Ajasson de Grandsagne mention six, which are taken word-for-word in translation by Bostock & Riley (their words in quotes): ―
"That Thule is the island of Iceland." Burton (1875) pages 1, 25.

"That it is either the Ferroe Group, or one of those islands." Burton pages 22–23.

"The notion of Ortelius, Farnaby, and Schœnning, that it is identical with Thylemark in Norway." Burton page 25.

"The opinion of Malte Brun, that the continental portion of Denmark is meant thereby, a part of which is to the present day called Thy or Thyland." Fotheringham (1862) page 497.

"The opinion of Rudbeck and of Calstron, borrowed originally from Procopius, that this is a general name for the whole of Scandinavia." Grandsagne (1829) page 338: "L'idée de Rudbeck ... et de Calstron ... due originairement à Procope, qui ... a prononcé nettement que sous ce nom était comprise toute la Scandinavie." The reference is to Procopius Book III No. 4.

"That of Gosselin, who thinks that under this name Mainland, the principal of the Shetland Islands, is meant. The reference to "Gosselin" or elsewhere "M. Gosselin" and his monumental work dating from the time of the French Revolution is much copied even though miscited. ("M." stands for Monsieur.) The Library of Congress catalog cites the work as: Gossellin, Pascal François Joseph (1813) [1798]. Recherches sur la géographie systématique et positive anciens; pour servir de base à l'histoire de la géographie ancienne. Paris: L'imprimerie de la république [etc.] an VI. LCCN 02007793.
The Thule reference is to be found here Vol 4 page 162 Bostock and Riley continue: "It is by no means impossible that under the name of Thule two or more of these localities may have been meant, by different authors writing at distant periods and under different states of geographical knowledge. It is also pretty generally acknowledged, as Parisot remarks, that the Thule mentioned by Ptolemy is identical with Thylemark in Norway."

[8] "That Thule is the island of Iceland." Burton (1875) pages 1, 25.

[9] "That it is either the Ferroe Group, or one of those islands." Burton pages 22–23.

[10] "The notion of Ortelius, Farnaby, and Schœnning, that it is identical with Thylemark in Norway." Burton page 25.

[11] "The opinion of Malte Brun, that the continental portion of Denmark is meant thereby, a part of which is to the present day called Thy or Thyland." Fotheringham (1862) page 497.

[12] "The opinion of Rudbeck and of Calstron, borrowed originally from Procopius, that this is a general name for the whole of Scandinavia." Grandsagne (1829) page 338: "L'idée de Rudbeck ... et de Calstron ... due originairement à Procope, qui ... a prononcé nettement que sous ce nom était comprise toute la Scandinavie." The reference is to Procopius Book III No. 4.

[13] "That of Gosselin, who thinks that under this name Mainland, the principal of the Shetland Islands, is meant. The reference to "Gosselin" or elsewhere "M. Gosselin" and his monumental work dating from the time of the French Revolution is much copied even though miscited. ("M." stands for Monsieur.) The Library of Congress catalog cites the work as: Gossellin, Pascal François Joseph (1813) [1798]. Recherches sur la géographie systématique et positive anciens; pour servir de base à l'histoire de la géographie ancienne. Paris: L'imprimerie de la république [etc.] an VI. LCCN 02007793.

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