The Cardinal

The Cardinal
Promotional poster by Saul Bass
Directed by	Otto Preminger
Screenplay by	Robert Dozier
Based on	The Cardinal by Henry Morton Robinson
Produced by	Otto Preminger
Starring	Tom Tryon Romy Schneider Carol Lynley Jill Haworth Raf Vallone Josef Meinrad Burgess Meredith Ossie Davis John Saxon Dorothy Gish Tullio Carminati Maggie McNamara Bill Hayes Cecil Kellaway John Huston Robert Morse
Cinematography	Leon Shamroy
Edited by	Louis R. Loeffler
Music by	Jerome Moross
Production company	Gamma Productions
Distributed by	Columbia Pictures
Release dates	December 12, 1963 (1963-12-12) (Boston) December 23, 1963 (1963-12-23) (United States)
Running time	175 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English
Box office	$11,170,588[1]

The Cardinal is a 1963 American drama film produced independently, directed by Otto Preminger and distributed by Columbia Pictures. The screenplay was written by Robert Dozier, based on the novel by Henry Morton Robinson. The music score was written by Jerome Moross.

The film's cast features Tom Tryon, Romy Schneider and John Huston, and it was nominated for six Academy Awards. It marks the final appearance by veteran film star Dorothy Gish, as well as the last big-screen performance of Maggie McNamara.

The film was shot on location in Rome, Vienna, Boston and Stamford, Connecticut.

Robinson's novel was based on the life of Francis Cardinal Spellman, who was then Archbishop of New York. The Vatican's liaison officer for the film was Rev. Dr. Joseph Ratzinger,^[2] later to become Pope Benedict XVI. The story touches on various social issues, such as: interfaith marriage, sex outside marriage, abortion, racial bigotry, the rise of fascism and war.

The film is shown as a series of memory flashbacks during a formal ceremony where the protagonist is instituted as a cardinal.

A newly ordained Irish Catholic priest, Stephen Fermoyle, returns home to Boston in 1917. He discovers that his parents are upset about daughter Mona having become engaged to marry a Jewish man, Benny Rampell. Stephen and his Irish Catholic family will only permit Mona to marry Benny if he becomes a Catholic or agrees to raise any children as Catholic, as demanded by the papal bull Ne Temere (superseded in 1970). Benny does not agree and leaves to serve in World War I. Mona seeks Stephen's counsel as a priest. After he tells her to give Benny up, she runs away and becomes promiscuous.

Concerned about the young priest's ambition, the Archbishop of Boston Cardinal Lawrence Glennon assigns Stephen to an out-of-the-way parish where it is hoped that he will learn humility. There he meets the humble pastor, Father Ned Halley, and Stephen observes the unpretentious way in which he lives his life and treats his parishioners. Father Halley is very sick with multiple sclerosis. Stephen learns humility from him and his housekeeper, Lalage Menton.

Meanwhile, Mona becomes pregnant out of wedlock. Stephen, his brother Frank and Benny find Mona in agony because her pelvis is too small for a large baby. She is taken to the hospital, where Dr. Parks tells Stephen that it is too late to perform a caesarean section and in order to save Mona, the head of the baby must be crushed. Stephen will not allow Dr. Parks to do so, because according to Catholic doctrine, the baby may not be killed. Mona dies giving birth to the child, Regina.

Racked with guilt over the death of his sister, Stephen suffers a crisis of faith, so he is transferred to Europe and made a monsignor, but he is unsure of how committed he is to a life in the clergy, and he travels to Vienna, taking a two-year sabbatical by working as a lecturer. There he meets and enters into a relationship with a young woman, Annemarie von Hartmann. Stephen does not violate his vows.

Stephen's vocation calls him back to Rome and the church. The Vatican returns him to the United States on a mission in the American South to assist a black priest named Father Gillis who is opposed by the Ku Klux Klan. After successfully handling the assignment, Stephen is consecrated as a bishop, with Father Gillis present for the consecration.

Stephen is sent back to Austria to persuade Cardinal Theodor Innitzer not to cooperate with the Nazi government, with a threat of a world war looming over all. He and Innitzer ultimately must flee for their lives. He manages to see Annemarie one last time after she has been imprisoned by the Nazi authorities. After the success of the missions on which the Vatican had sent him, he is elevated to the College of Cardinals. On the eve of World War II, a ceremony is held in which Stephen formally becomes a cardinal. He warns about the dangers of totalitarianism and pledges to dedicate the rest of his life to his work.

The script was credited to Robert Dozier, but featured uncredited contributions by Ring Lardner Jr. who worked with Otto Preminger in developing characterizations and story structure.^[4] Along with eventual choice Carol Lynley, Ann-Margret, Shirley Knight, Dolores Hart, and Pamela Tiffin were considered for the role of Mona Fermoyle.^[5]

Saul Bass was not only responsible for designing the film's poster and advertising campaign, but also the film titles, during which Bass transforms a walk through the Vatican into an abstract play of horizontal and vertical lines.^[6]

The film had its world premiere at the Saxon Theatre in Boston, Massachusetts.^[7] It was the first film to be shown in 70 mm despite being shot on 35 mm movie film for some roadshow releases, using a "print-up" (blow up) process.^[8][9][10]

The Cardinal was the 18th highest-grossing film of the year. It grossed $11,170,588 in the United States,^[1] earning $5.46 million in domestic rentals.^[11]

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 47% of 15 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 5.9/10.^[12]

Award	Category	Nominee(s)	Result	Ref.
Academy Awards	Best Director	Otto Preminger	Nominated	[13]
	Best Supporting Actor	John Huston	Nominated
	Best Art Direction – Color	Art Direction: Lyle R. Wheeler; Set Decoration: Gene Callahan	Nominated
	Best Cinematography – Color	Leon Shamroy	Nominated
	Best Costume Design – Color	Donald Brooks	Nominated
	Best Film Editing	Louis R. Loeffler	Nominated
Golden Globe Awards	Best Motion Picture – Drama[a]		Won	[14]
	Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama	Tom Tryon	Nominated
	Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama	Romy Schneider	Nominated
	Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture	John Huston	Won
	Best Director – Motion Picture	Otto Preminger	Nominated
	Best Film Promoting International Understanding		Nominated
Laurel Awards	Top Drama		Nominated
	Top Male Dramatic Performance	Tom Tryon	5th Place
	Top Male Supporting Performance	John Huston	Nominated
National Board of Review Awards	Top Ten Films		10th Place	[15]

The film was nominated by the American Film Institute for its AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores list.^[16]

The Cardinal was preserved by the Academy Film Archive in 2012.^[17]

• List of American films of 1963

• The Cardinal at the AFI Catalog of Feature Films
• The Cardinal at IMDb
• The Cardinal at the TCM Movie Database (archived version)