Solar generator

A solar generator is a portable system that captures energy from sunlight using photovoltaic (PV) panels and stores it in a battery for later use. These systems are typically used as alternative or backup power sources in off-grid settings, emergency situations, and outdoor activities.^[1] Unlike fuel-based generators, solar generators operate silently and without emissions, making them an environmentally friendly energy solution.^[2]

Solar generators typically consist of four primary components:

• Solar panels – to capture sunlight and convert it into electricity.^[3]
• Charge controller – to regulate the voltage and current coming from the panels.^[3]
• Battery – usually lithium-ion or lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), to store the generated energy.^[3]
• Inverter – to convert the stored direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) for powering standard appliances.^[3]

The term "solar generator" is often used in consumer markets to describe these self-contained systems, as they intend to compete with and/or replace traditional generators that require fuel. Though technically they are portable photovoltaic power systems with energy storage.^[4]

Solar generators are used in a wide variety of contexts, including:

• Residential backup power – during grid outages.^[5][6]
• Recreational use – camping, RVing, and tailgating.^[6]
• Remote locations – powering devices in areas without grid access.^[7]
• Emergency preparedness – for disaster relief and survival kits.
• Construction and outdoor work sites as silent, emission-free energy sources.^[8]

Solar generators without the ability to generate electricity via solar, are referred to as (portable) power stations (PPS). They typically have significantly higher input, output and storage capacity compared to power banks.^[9] They are charged by power brick, cigarette socket and/or car fast charger (hardwired to alternator).^[10]

Also known as balcony solar, are solar generators and/or portable power stations that backfeed into a regular household wall outlet. Charged via solar panels and/or grid power (when the price is low). They are illegal in many countries and areas as backfeeding requires council approval, fixed (permanent) connection to the grid, metering, centralised control and/or installation by licensed electrician.^[11][12]

The origin of solar-powered generators dates back to the broader development of solar photovoltaic technology (also known as PV system).^[13][14] Solar-powered generators began to develop as solar panel technology improved. The space industry first used solar power because it needed light and reliable energy for satellites, which later helped bring solar technology down to Earth for everyday use.^[15]

The first practical silicon solar cell was developed in 1954 by Bell Labs, marking the beginning of modern solar power applications. It achieved an efficiency of about 6 percent and laid the groundwork for modern photovoltaic systems.^[16] However, it was not until the late 20th and early 21st centuries that compact solar generators became commercially viable due to advancements in battery storage and solar panel efficiency.^[15][7]

The concept of storing solar energy for off-grid use gained traction in the 1970s during the global energy crisis, which spurred interest in alternative energy technologies. Early adopters included the military and scientific communities, particularly for powering remote monitoring equipment and field operations.^[17][18]

Although basic solar power kits were available in the 1980s and 1990s, the emergence of integrated, consumer-grade solar generator systems began in the early 2000s. These systems were designed to provide portable power for applications such as camping, recreational vehicles (RVs), and residential backup during grid outages. Market demand for off-grid and emergency power solutions contributed to the gradual growth of this segment.^[19][14]

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Companies in the power station and solar generator market include:^[20]

• Goal Zero (founded in 2009) – A U.S.-based company that gained popularity with its Yeti series of portable solar generators. It emerged after its founder, Robert Workman, explored solar solutions for humanitarian aid in the Democratic Republic of Congo.^[21][22]

• Renogy (founded in 2010) – Originally a Louisiana State University project, Renogy expanded into providing modular solar kits and generators tailored to off-grid and van-life communities.^{[citation needed]}

• Jackery (founded in 2012) – Known for its line of lithium-powered portable generators paired with foldable solar panels.^[23][14] As of 2025, Jackery had sold over six million products worldwide.^[24][25] Their product also could be found in major retailers like Home Depot.^[26][27]

• Huawai (entered the PV market in 2012) – Huawei’s EHB offers integrated clean energy solutions, featuring smart string inverters and energy storage systems. These products are widely used for household energy management and as backup power in emergencies.^[14]

• EcoFlow^[28]

These companies contributed to the evolution of solar generators from specialized off-grid tools to widely adopted consumer products, particularly as interest in backup power solutions has grown in response to climate-related power disruptions.^[29]