Siverek
Siverek (Armenian: Սեւավերակ, romanized: Sevaverag, lit. 'black ruins'; Zazaki: Soyreg; Kurdish: Sêwreg) is a municipality and district of Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey. Its area is 3,936 km2, and its population is 267,942 (2022). Siverek is in the Şanlıurfa province but is geographically closer to the large city of Diyarbakır (approx. 83 km).
Siverek | |
|---|---|
District and municipality | |
 A view from Siverek, 2016 | |
 Map showing Siverek District in Şanlıurfa Province | |
  Siverek Location in Turkey  Siverek Siverek (Şanlıurfa) | |
| Coordinates: 37°45′15″N 39°19′4″E / 37.75417°N 39.31778°E | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Şanlıurfa |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Ali Murat Bucak (AKP) |
Area | 3,936 km2 (1,520 sq mi) |
| Population (2022)[1] | 267,942 |
| • Density | 68.07/km2 (176.3/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Postal code | 63600 |
| Area code | 0414 |
| Website | www.siverek.bel.tr |
Siverek (Armenian: Սեւավերակ, romanized: Sevaverag, lit. 'black ruins';[2] Zazaki: Soyreg; Kurdish: Sêwreg)[3] is a municipality and district of Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey.[4] Its area is 3,936 km2,[5] and its population is 267,942 (2022).[1] Siverek is in the Şanlıurfa province but is geographically closer to the large city of Diyarbakır (approx. 83 km).
Etymology
[edit]Siverek was historically known in medieval Arabic as Hisn ar-Ran (Arabic: حصن الران), which was corrupted into Greek as Chasanara (Greek: Χασαναρᾶ), as found in the Escorial Taktikon.[6]
The word "Siverek" is of Armenian origin. In Byzantine sources, it is mentioned as Sevaverag. The literal meaning of this name used for Siverek in Byzantine and Armenian sources is Sev "black" and Averag "ruins".[7][8] Other ways to spell Sevaverag include Sebabarak, Sebabarok, Sevaverak, Severags and Suveyda.[9]
History
[edit]The town came under Byzantine control sometime after 956 and had become the seat of a strategos by the early 970s.[6] Together with Edessa, Gargar, Samosata and Hisn Mansur formed part of the Byzantine defence system up to the 1060s when 200 Frankish horsemen were stationed there.[10]
In the Ottoman Empire period, Siverek was within the Diyarbekir vilayet, and it had several Christian settlements.[11]
Demographics
[edit]9,275 Armenians lived in the kaza on the eve of the First World War according to the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople. They had eight churches and three schools. 5,450 Armenians and 1,200 Assyrians lived in the town of Siverek. 6,550 Assyrians lived in 32 surrounding villages.[12] Armenian men were massacred in May 1915, followed by the deportation of the women and children, as part of the Armenian genocide.[12] Faiz El-Ghusein reported that the road between Urfa and Severek was littered with corpses.[12]
Politics
[edit]In common with other districts of Şanlıurfa, business and politics in Siverek are strongly influenced, even controlled, by a powerful clan. Siverek is the home town of Sedat Bucak, the former DYP member of parliament who survived the car crash in the Susurluk scandal. He is the leader of the Bucak tribe, one of whom has represented the area in the Turkish Parliament since its foundation. Sedat Bucak remains a friend of former DYP leader Mehmet Ağar.[13] In the local elections in March 2019, Şehmus Aydın was elected mayor.[14] He resigned due to health problems in 2020, and was succeeded by Ayşe Çakmak (AKP).[15] The current kaymakam is Musa Aydemir.[16]
Composition
[edit]There are 180 neighbourhoods in Siverek District:[17]
- Abdalağa
- Alagün
- Alanyurt
- Altaylı
- Altınahır
- Altınlı
- Altınpınar
- Anacak
- Armağanlı
- Aşağı Alınca
- Aşağı Karabahçe
- Aşağı Karacaören
- Aşağıyalankoz
- Aşlıca
- Atmaca
- Avurtepe
- Ayrancı
- Ayvanat
- Azıklı
- Bağcı
- Bağlar
- Bahçe
- Bahçelievler
- Bakı Takoran
- Bakırca
- Bakmaç
- Bardakçı
- Başbük
- Başdeğirmen
- Batı
- Bayırözü
- Beğdeş
- Benek
- Beyali
- Beybaba
- Beyçeri
- Böğürtlen
- Bozkuyu
- Bozlak
- Bürüncek
- Büyük Kazanlı
- Büyük Oba
- Büyük Tepe
- Büyük Yakıtlı
- Büyükgöl
- Çağa
- Çağdaş
- Camiikebir
- Çanakçı
- Canpolat
- Çatlı
- Çavuşlu
- Çaylarbaşı
- Çeltik
- Çepni
- Çevirme
- Çiftçibaşı
- Çinhisar
- Çubuklu
- Dağbaşı
- Damlıca
- Dardağan
- Darıcalı
- Deliktaş
- Dicle
- Dilekli
- Direkli
- Divan
- Doğukent
- Dönemeç
- Düğerin
- Ediz
- Eğriçay
- Endarlı
- Erbey
- Ergen
- Erkonağı
- Ertem
- Eskihan
- Esmerçayı
- Fırat
- Fırın
- Gaziköy
- Gedik
- Gerçek
- Gözcek
- Gözelek
- Gözeli
- Gülabibey
- Güllice
- Gülpınar
- Güney
- Güney Karabahçe
- Gürakar
- Güvenli
- Güvercin
- Güzelpınar
- Hacıömer
- Haliliye
- Hamamören
- Hamidiye
- Hasançelebi
- Hasırlı
- Hayriye
- İleri
- İnanlı
- Kale
- Kalemli
- Kalınağaç
- Kamışlı
- Kapıkaya
- Karabahçe
- Karacadağ
- Karadibek
- Karahisar
- Karakeçi
- Karakoyun
- Kargalı
- Karkaşı
- Karpuzcu
- Kavaklıdere
- Kavalık
- Kayalı
- Kayseri
- Keçiburcu
- Keçikıran
- Keş
- Kesmekaya
- Kıvançlı
- Konurtepe
- Küçükgöl
- Kulaksız
- Küptepe
- Kurbağalı
- Kuşlugöl
- Mezraa
- Narlıkaya
- Nohut
- Ofis
- Oluklu
- Onar
- Önder
- Örgülü
- Ortanca
- Oyman
- Oyuktaş
- Peynirci
- Sabancı
- Şairibrahimrafet
- Salur
- Sarıdam
- Sarıkaya
- Sarıören
- Savucak
- Şekerli
- Selimpınar
- Şirinkuyu
- Sislice
- Soydan
- Söylemez
- Sumaklı
- Tanrıverdi
- Taşağıl
- Taşhan
- Taşıkara
- Taşlı
- Turna
- Ülkülü
- Üstüntaş
- Uzunpınar
- Uzunziyaret
- Yeleken
- Yeniceli
- Yenişehir
- Yoğunca
- Yoğurtçu
- Yücelen
- Yumrutepe
- Yuvar
- Zincirliçay
Climate
[edit]Siverek has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa).
| Climate data for Siverek (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.3 (46.9) |
9.8 (49.6) |
14.6 (58.3) |
20.0 (68.0) |
26.3 (79.3) |
33.2 (91.8) |
37.7 (99.9) |
37.6 (99.7) |
32.6 (90.7) |
25.3 (77.5) |
16.6 (61.9) |
10.3 (50.5) |
22.8 (73.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.2 (39.6) |
5.3 (41.5) |
9.5 (49.1) |
14.4 (57.9) |
20.1 (68.2) |
26.5 (79.7) |
30.8 (87.4) |
30.5 (86.9) |
25.4 (77.7) |
19.0 (66.2) |
11.1 (52.0) |
6.0 (42.8) |
17.0 (62.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.0 (33.8) |
1.7 (35.1) |
5.1 (41.2) |
9.3 (48.7) |
14.1 (57.4) |
19.5 (67.1) |
23.5 (74.3) |
23.3 (73.9) |
18.7 (65.7) |
13.7 (56.7) |
6.8 (44.2) |
2.7 (36.9) |
11.7 (53.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 90.75 (3.57) |
77.1 (3.04) |
78.65 (3.10) |
63.55 (2.50) |
41.21 (1.62) |
11.59 (0.46) |
1.52 (0.06) |
1.87 (0.07) |
8.43 (0.33) |
37.64 (1.48) |
65.09 (2.56) |
88.36 (3.48) |
565.76 (22.27) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 9 | 9 | 8.1 | 7.7 | 5.6 | 2.3 | 2 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 4.3 | 5.9 | 9.1 | 67 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 72.3 | 69.9 | 64.5 | 61.4 | 53.3 | 38.1 | 32.1 | 34.7 | 39.4 | 51.3 | 62.8 | 71.8 | 54.2 |
| Source: NOAA[18] | |||||||||||||
Notable people
[edit]- Osman Efendîyo Babij (1852-1929), Kurdish religious figure
- Yılmaz Güney (1937–1984), Kurdish film director, scenarist, novelist and actor
- Necmettin Büyükkaya, (1943-1984), Kurdish activist
- Mehmed Uzun (1953–2007), Kurdish writer
- Sedat Bucak (b. 1960), politician
- Adnan Selçuk Mızraklı (b. 1963), politician
- İbrahim Ayhan (1968-2018), politician
- Filiz İşikırık (b. 1993), footballer
- Remziye Bakır (b. 1997), footballer
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" (XLS). TÜİK. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ "KAZA SIVEREK / ՍԵՎԵՐԵԿ – SEVEREK / SIVERAK". Retrieved 15 June 2022.
- ^ Adem Avcıkıran (2009). Kürtçe Anamnez Anamneza bi Kurmancî (PDF) (in Turkish and Kurdish). p. 57. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
- ^ Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ "İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ a b McGeer, Eric; Nesbitt, John; Oikonomides, Nicolas, eds. (2001). Catalogue of Byzantine Seals at Dumbarton Oaks and in the Fogg Museum of Art, Volume 4: The East. Vol. 4. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. p. 174. ISBN 0-88402-282-X.
- ^ "Nişanyan Yeradları - Türkiye ve Çevre Ülkeler Yerleşim Birimleri Envanteri". nisanyanyeradlari.com (in Turkish). Retrieved 7 July 2025.
- ^ "Siverek Tarihçesi" (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 10 December 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2025.
- ^ Abdullah Ekinci (2015). Şanliurfa and Harran. Ministry of Culture and Tourism. p. 164. ISBN 978-975-17-3799-1. Retrieved 7 July 2025.
- ^ Beihammer 2017, p. 115.
- ^ Jorngerden, Joost; Verheij, Jelle, eds. (2012). Social Relations in Ottoman Diyarbekir, 1870-1915. Brill. pp. 304–310. ISBN 9789004225183.
- ^ a b c "Kaza Siverek / Սեվերեկ - Severek / Siverak / Siwarak ܣܝܒܪܟ". Virtual Genocide Memorial. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
- ^ "Ağar'ın Bucak sevgisi". Sabah (in Turkish). 4 September 2006. Retrieved 10 October 2008.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ^ "Şanlıurfa Siverek Seçim Sonuçları - 31 Mart 2019 Yerel Seçimleri". www.sabah.com.tr. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
- ^ Siverek Belediye Başkanlığına Ayşe Çakmak seçildi, Anadolu Agency, 3 December 2020.
- ^ "Siverek Kaymakamlığı". www.siverek.gov.tr. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ Mahalle, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Siverek". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
Sources
[edit]- Beihammer, Alexander Daniel (2017). Byzantium and the Emergence of Muslim Turkish Anatolia, ca. 1040-1130. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-138-22959-4.
External links
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