SOS box

SOS box is the operator to which the LexA repressor binds to repress the transcription of SOS-induced proteins. SOS boxes are found near the promoter of various genes.^[1]

LexA binds to an SOS box in the absence of DNA damage. In the presence of DNA damage the binding of LexA is inactivated by the RecA activator. SOS boxes differ in DNA sequences and binding affinity towards LexA from organism to organism.^[2] Furthermore, SOS boxes may be present in a dual fashion, which indicates that more than one SOS box can be within the same promoter.^[3]

Examples


Phylogenetic Clade	Sequence	Reference
Alphaproteobacteria	GAAC(N)₇GAAC GTTC(N)₇GTTC	^[4]^[5]
Betaproteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria	CTGT(N)₈ACAG	^[6]
Deltaproteobacteria	CTRHAMRYBYGTTCAGS	^[7]
Gram-positive bacteria	CGAACRNRYGTTYC	^[8]^[9]
Cyanobacteria	RGTAC(N)₃DGTWCB	^[10]

See Nucleic acid nomenclature for an explanation of non-GATC nucleotide letters.

References

^ Henkin, Tina M.; Peters, Joseph E. (2020). Snyder and Champness molecular genetics of bacteria (Fifth ed.). Hoboken, NJ : Washington, D.C: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 409. ISBN 9781555819750.
^ Walker, Graham C. (October 1995). "SOS-regulated proteins in translesion DNA synthesis and mutagenesis". Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 20 (10): 416–20. doi:10.1016/s0968-0004(00)89091-x. PMID 8533155.
^ Gillor, Osnat; Vriezen, Jan A. C.; Riley, Margaret A. (Jun 2008). "The role of SOS boxes in enteric bacteriocin regulation". Microbiology. 154 (6): 1783–1792. doi:10.1099/mic.0.2007/016139-0. PMC 2729051. PMID 18524933.
^ Fernández de Henestrosa, Antonio R.; Rivera, Eusebi; Tapias, Angels; Barbé, Jordi (June 1998). "Identification of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides SOS box". Molecular Microbiology. 28 (5): 991–1003. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00860.x. PMID 9663685.
^ Tapias, A.; Barbé, J. (August 1999). "Regulation of divergent transcription from the uvrA-ssb promoters in Sinorhizobium meliloti". Molecular and General Genetics MGG. 262 (1): 121–130. doi:10.1007/s004380051066. PMID 10503543. S2CID 2373618.
^ Erill, Ivan; Escribano, Marcos; Campoy, Susana; Barbé, Jordi (22 November 2003). "In silico analysis reveals substantial variability in the gene contents of the gamma proteobacteria LexA-regulon". Bioinformatics. 19 (17): 2225–2236. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btg303. PMID 14630651.
^ Campoy, Susana; Fontes, Marta; Padmanabhan, S.; Cortés, Pilar; Llagostera, Montserrat; Barbé, Jordi (August 2003). "LexA-independent DNA damage-mediated induction of gene expression in Myxococcus xanthus". Molecular Microbiology. 49 (3): 769–781. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03592.x. PMID 12864858.
^ Winterling, Kevin W.; Chafin, David; Hayes, Jeffery J.; Sun, Ji; Levine, Arthur S.; Yasbin, Ronald E.; Woodgate, Roger (15 April 1998). "The Bacillus subtilis DinR Binding Site: Redefinition of the Consensus Sequence". Journal of Bacteriology. 180 (8): 2201–2211. doi:10.1128/JB.180.8.2201-2211.1998. PMC 107149. PMID 9555905.
^ Davis, Elaine O.; Dullaghan, Edith M.; Rand, Lucinda (15 June 2002). "Definition of the Mycobacterial SOS Box and Use To Identify LexA-Regulated Genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis". Journal of Bacteriology. 184 (12): 3287–3295. doi:10.1128/JB.184.12.3287-3295.2002. PMC 135081. PMID 12029045.
^ Mazón, G.; Lucena, J. M.; Campoy, S.; Fernández de Henestrosa, A. R.; Candau, P.; Barbé, J. (February 2004). "LexA-binding sequences in Gram-positive and cyanobacteria are closely related". Molecular Genetics and Genomics. 271 (1): 40–49. doi:10.1007/s00438-003-0952-x. PMID 14652736. S2CID 9219764.

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[1] Henkin, Tina M.; Peters, Joseph E. (2020). Snyder and Champness molecular genetics of bacteria (Fifth ed.). Hoboken, NJ : Washington, D.C: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 409. ISBN 9781555819750.

[2] Walker, Graham C. (October 1995). "SOS-regulated proteins in translesion DNA synthesis and mutagenesis". Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 20 (10): 416–20. doi:10.1016/s0968-0004(00)89091-x. PMID 8533155.

[3] Gillor, Osnat; Vriezen, Jan A. C.; Riley, Margaret A. (Jun 2008). "The role of SOS boxes in enteric bacteriocin regulation". Microbiology. 154 (6): 1783–1792. doi:10.1099/mic.0.2007/016139-0. PMC 2729051. PMID 18524933.

[4] Fernández de Henestrosa, Antonio R.; Rivera, Eusebi; Tapias, Angels; Barbé, Jordi (June 1998). "Identification of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides SOS box". Molecular Microbiology. 28 (5): 991–1003. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00860.x. PMID 9663685.

[5] Tapias, A.; Barbé, J. (August 1999). "Regulation of divergent transcription from the uvrA-ssb promoters in Sinorhizobium meliloti". Molecular and General Genetics MGG. 262 (1): 121–130. doi:10.1007/s004380051066. PMID 10503543. S2CID 2373618.

[6] Erill, Ivan; Escribano, Marcos; Campoy, Susana; Barbé, Jordi (22 November 2003). "In silico analysis reveals substantial variability in the gene contents of the gamma proteobacteria LexA-regulon". Bioinformatics. 19 (17): 2225–2236. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btg303. PMID 14630651.

[7] Campoy, Susana; Fontes, Marta; Padmanabhan, S.; Cortés, Pilar; Llagostera, Montserrat; Barbé, Jordi (August 2003). "LexA-independent DNA damage-mediated induction of gene expression in Myxococcus xanthus". Molecular Microbiology. 49 (3): 769–781. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03592.x. PMID 12864858.

[8] Winterling, Kevin W.; Chafin, David; Hayes, Jeffery J.; Sun, Ji; Levine, Arthur S.; Yasbin, Ronald E.; Woodgate, Roger (15 April 1998). "The Bacillus subtilis DinR Binding Site: Redefinition of the Consensus Sequence". Journal of Bacteriology. 180 (8): 2201–2211. doi:10.1128/JB.180.8.2201-2211.1998. PMC 107149. PMID 9555905.

[9] Davis, Elaine O.; Dullaghan, Edith M.; Rand, Lucinda (15 June 2002). "Definition of the Mycobacterial SOS Box and Use To Identify LexA-Regulated Genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis". Journal of Bacteriology. 184 (12): 3287–3295. doi:10.1128/JB.184.12.3287-3295.2002. PMC 135081. PMID 12029045.

[10] Mazón, G.; Lucena, J. M.; Campoy, S.; Fernández de Henestrosa, A. R.; Candau, P.; Barbé, J. (February 2004). "LexA-binding sequences in Gram-positive and cyanobacteria are closely related". Molecular Genetics and Genomics. 271 (1): 40–49. doi:10.1007/s00438-003-0952-x. PMID 14652736. S2CID 9219764.

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v t e DNA repair
Excision repair	Base excision repair/AP site DNA glycosylase Uracil-DNA glycosylase Poly ADP ribose polymerase Nucleotide excision repair/ERCC XPA XPB XPC XPD/ERCC2 XPE/DDB1 XPF/DDB1 XPG/ERCC5 ERCC1 RPA RAD23A RAD23B Excinuclease DNA mismatch repair MLH1 MSH2
Homologous recombination	RecA RecBCD RecF pathway RecQ helicase RAD51 Sgs1 Slx4 LexA
Other pathways	Transcription-coupled repair ERCC6 ERCC8 Homology directed repair Non-homologous end joining Ku Microhomology-mediated end joining Postreplication repair Photolyase CRY1 CRY2
Regulation	SOS box SOS response
Other/ungrouped	Ogt PcrA Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen 8-Oxoguanine Adaptive response Meiotic recombination checkpoint DNA helicase: BLM WRN FANC proteins: core protein complex FANCA FANCB FANCC FANCE FANCF FANCG FANCL FANCM FANCD1 FANCD2 FANCI FANCJ FANCN
Category

SOS box

Examples

See also

References