OAS2

2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the OAS2 gene. This gene encodes a member of the 2-5A synthetase family, essential proteins involved in the innate immune response to viral infection. The encoded protein is induced by interferons and uses adenosine triphosphate in 2'-specific nucleotidyl transfer reactions to synthesize 2',5'-oligoadenylates (2-5As). These molecules activate latent RNase L, which results in viral RNA degradation and the inhibition of viral replication. The three known members of this gene family are located in a cluster on chromosome 12. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.

Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

OAS2
Identifiers
Aliases	OAS2, 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 2
External IDs	OMIM: 603350; MGI: 2180852; HomoloGene: 49478; GeneCards: OAS2; OMA:OAS2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 12 (human)[1] Band 12q24.13 Start 112,978,395 bp[1] End 113,011,723 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 5 (mouse)[2] Band 5 F|5 60.64 cM Start 120,868,398 bp[2] End 120,887,918 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in monocyte granulocyte lymph node decidua appendix gallbladder spleen right lung blood olfactory zone of nasal mucosa Top expressed in mucous cell of stomach granulocyte stroma of bone marrow submandibular gland epithelium of stomach blood gastrula myocardium of ventricle subcutaneous adipose tissue cervix More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function transferase activity nucleotide binding nucleotidyltransferase activity zinc ion binding metal ion binding 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity protein binding RNA binding double-stranded RNA binding ATP binding Cellular component cytoplasm membrane endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrion perinuclear region of cytoplasm nucleus nucleoplasm cytosol intracellular membrane-bounded organelle Biological process purine nucleotide biosynthetic process interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway immune system process protein myristoylation response to virus RNA catabolic process protein glycosylation defense response to virus type I interferon signaling pathway immune response innate immune response nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process response to bacterium regulation of ribonuclease activity regulation of lactation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 4939 246728 Ensembl ENSG00000111335 ENSMUSG00000032690 UniProt P29728 E9Q9A9 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001032731 NM_002535 NM_016817 NM_145227 NM_001347448 RefSeq (protein) NP_001027903 NP_002526 NP_058197 NP_001334377 NP_660262 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 112.98 – 113.01 Mb Chr 5: 120.87 – 120.89 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the OAS2 gene.^[5][6]

This gene encodes a member of the 2-5A synthetase family, essential proteins involved in the innate immune response to viral infection. The encoded protein is induced by interferons and uses adenosine triphosphate in 2'-specific nucleotidyl transfer reactions to synthesize 2',5'-oligoadenylates (2-5As). These molecules activate latent RNase L, which results in viral RNA degradation and the inhibition of viral replication. The three known members of this gene family are located in a cluster on chromosome 12. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.^[6]

References

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1. ^ ^{a b c} GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000111335 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. ^ ^{a b c} GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032690 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. ^ Hovnanian A, Rebouillat D, Mattei MG, Levy ER, Marie I, Monaco AP, Hovanessian AG (Dec 1998). "The human 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase locus is composed of three distinct genes clustered on chromosome 12q24.2 encoding the 100-, 69-, and 40-kDa forms". Genomics. 52 (3): 267–277. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5443. PMID 9790745.
6. ^ ^{a b} "Entrez Gene: OAS2 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 2, 69/71kDa".

Further reading

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• Justesen J, Hartmann R, Kjeldgaard NO (2000). "Gene structure and function of the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase family". Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 57 (11): 1593–1612. doi:10.1007/PL00000644. PMC 11146851. PMID 11092454. S2CID 19154357.
• Marié I, Hovanessian AG (1992). "The 69-kDa 2-5A synthetase is composed of two homologous and adjacent functional domains". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (14): 9933–9. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50182-X. PMID 1577824.
• Silverman RH, Sengupta DN (1991). "Translational regulation by HIV leader RNA, TAT, and interferon-inducible enzymes". J. Exp. Pathol. 5 (2): 69–77. PMID 1708818.
• Marié I, Svab J, Robert N, et al. (1990). "Differential expression and distinct structure of 69- and 100-kDa forms of 2-5A synthetase in human cells treated with interferon". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (30): 18601–7. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)44794-6. PMID 2211721.
• Hovanessian AG, Laurent AG, Chebath J, et al. (1987). "Identification of 69-kd and 100-kd forms of 2-5A synthetase in interferon-treated human cells by specific monoclonal antibodies". EMBO J. 6 (5): 1273–80. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02364.x. PMC 553929. PMID 2440675.
• Marié I, Galabru J, Svab J, Hovanessian AG (1989). "Preparation and characterization of polyclonal antibodies specific for the 69 and 100 k-dalton forms of human 2-5A synthetase". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 160 (2): 580–587. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(89)92472-8. PMID 2470369.
• Hovanessian AG, Svab J, Marié I, et al. (1988). "Characterization of 69- and 100-kDa forms of 2-5A-synthetase from interferon-treated human cells". J. Biol. Chem. 263 (10): 4945–9. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)68878-7. PMID 3350819.
• Solinas A, Cossu P, Poddighe P, et al. (1994). "Changes of serum 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity during interferon treatment of chronic hepatitis C". Liver. 13 (5): 253–8. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1993.tb00640.x. PMID 8259037.
• Besse S, Rebouillat D, Marie I, et al. (1998). "Ultrastructural localization of interferon-inducible double-stranded RNA-activated enzymes in human cells". Exp. Cell Res. 239 (2): 379–392. doi:10.1006/excr.1997.3908. PMID 9521856.
• Sarkar SN, Ghosh A, Wang HW, et al. (1999). "The nature of the catalytic domain of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetases". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (36): 25535–25542. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.36.25535. PMID 10464285.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–16903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–2127. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Scherer SE, Muzny DM, Buhay CJ, et al. (2006). "The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12". Nature. 440 (7082): 346–351. Bibcode:2006Natur.440..346S. doi:10.1038/nature04569. PMID 16541075.

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