National Development Front
The National Development Front (NDF) was Muslim organisation set up in Kerala. It was back supporting religiously effected minorities people in the country lead front and the party was established in India in 1994.
The National Development Front (NDF) was Muslim organisation set up in Kerala. It was back supporting religiously effected minorities people in the country lead front and the party was established in India in 1994.
History
[edit]Inspired by pan-Islamic movements across the country after 1992, the NDF gained a strong foothold in the Malabar region following the banning of the Organization of Islamic Servants (ISS).[1] The Kerala Police investigation found that the National Development Front (NDF) was another incarnation of the ISS.[2] The NDF actively promoted the claim of "representing the rights of Muslims" to win the confidence of Muslims.[3][4]
The National Development Front has 19 Supreme Council members. Among them is Prof P. Koya who was also one of the founding members of the Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI, the affiliate of Indian Mujahideen).[5]
In 1997, the NDF organized the National Human Rights Conference in Kozhikode. Based on deliberations and understanding, a new organization was formed called the Confederation of Human Rights Organizations (CHRO).[6] The NDF worked closely with Thejas journalist Mukundan C Menon and journalists affiliated with the CHRO by closely connecting with Human Rights Watch International.[7]
The NDF organized parades with the slogan "Be the Sentinels of Islam"[8] in major cities of Kerala in 2004, 2005,[9] and in 2006.[10] The parade became one of the regular activities on the Indian Independence Day.[11]
The NDF is in alliance with the Popular Front of India and collaborated in the Empower India conference held in Bangalore in February 2007.[12]
In 2012, the NDF organized various communal movements, demonstrations, rallies and other strikes against police brutality and government misconduct,[13] claiming the right to work more in government employment.[14] Reservations and allowances were implemented for Muslims.
In 2021, the NDF was also involved in the hijab controversy in Kerala and Tamil Nadu by providing shelter, food and drink for those involved.[15]
Criticism
[edit]The NDF was accused of being a communal outfit and members of the organisation were implicated in violent incidents such as the 2002 2nd Marad massacre.[16] The Thomas P Joseph Commission report found that "activists of IUML and NDF, a Muslim outfit, were actively involved in the massacre".[17] The state secretary of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) in Kerala, Pinarayi Vijayan, said that NDF was involved in the Marad massacre and referred to them as a "terrorist outfit" that executed a "planned mass murder".[18] NDF was blamed for inciting violence against moderate Muslims in Kerala who are in opposition to liberal and reformist Islamic movements and individuals.[19] The "involvement of fundamentalists and terrorists" was behind the incident.[17][19]
The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) put forward allegations that NDF maintains links with Pakistan's ISI.[20] The BJP sought an inquiry into NDF-ISI links.[21] The Indian National Congress raised doubts about the true nature of their activities. On 31 October 2006, the Congress launched a campaign against terrorism in Malappuram district in Kerala, simultaneously taking on parties and organisations such as the IUML, the Communist Party of India (Marxist), the NDF, and the People's Democratic Party (PDP).[22]
Foreign connection
[edit]Ms Neera Rawat IPS, Senior Superintendent of Police, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, deposed before the Marad Judicial Inquiry Commission of Justice Thomas P. Joseph. Her tenure as Kozhikode City Police Commissioner was from 22 March 1997 to 16 May 1999. She told the Inquiry Commission that the police had prepared confidential and authentic reports that ISI and Iran have funded the NDF.[23]
Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP) Special Branch, Ernakulam, A.V. George, also deposed before the Marad inquiry panel on 29 October 2005, and stated that a key witness in an illegal arms possession case had given a statement to the police during its investigation that the NDF had been receiving crores of rupees from foreign countries to carry out its training programmes. ACP George quoted the testimony made by arrested NDF cadres that the NDF had been sending people to Pakistan for the last several years.[24]
Kottakkal Police station attack
[edit]Police accused that NDF activists attacked the Kottakkal police station at Kottakkal in Malappuram district in the early hours of 23 March 2007 following the arrest of two senior leaders of the front. The attack was repulsed by the police and 27 activists were taken into custody.[25]
Modus operandi
[edit]Frontline magazine quoted a senior police officer as saying that the NDF had successfully exploited the sense of insecurity created in the Muslim community by events that followed the Babri Masjid demolition to find supporters in northern Kerala, irrespective of their political or other allegiances. The report adds: "Initially, no NDF member used to acknowledge openly that he was an NDF member. They would always claim that they were members of other organisations. The truth may be that members of several organisations were members of the NDF also. Now the NDF has several wings and is making a major effort to project itself as a socio-cultural organisation of Muslims."[26]
Pakistan MP visit row
[edit]Pakistan MP Mohammed Thaha Mohammed's visit to Thalassery on 29 April 2007 sparked a controversy, with activists of the BJP and other Sangh Parivar groups staging a march to the hotel where Mohammed was staying. They claimed that leaders of a few Muslim organisations, including the NDF, were seen visiting the MP.[27]
Additional views
[edit]University of Haifa political scientist David Bukay lists the NDF as a "fundamentalist and subversive group".[28] After the 11 July 2006 Mumbai Train Bombings, the NDF, along with other Islamist organisations, was closely monitored by authorities for terrorist links.[29] The organisation attracted numerous Islamic Fundamentalists to their ranks, and are compared to several more well-known militant Islamist groups such as Lashkar-e-Toiba, Hizbul Mujahideen, and others.[30]
Implementation of religious code
[edit]The NDF is alleged to be involved in efforts to push the Islamic Sharia code among the moderate and cosmopolitan Muslim society in Kerala, an act viewed by moderate Muslims and secularists as Talibanization. NDF was accused of targeting liberals in the community – those who do not strictly follow Islamic laws like abstaining from liquor, fasting during Ramadan, and wearing the makhna or purdah.[31] The NDF has been linked to multiple murder cases, including that of a Muslim fakir known by the alias Siddhan for indulging in what they saw as "un-Islamic spiritualism" and of a Muslim man from Punalur for working for a leftist organisation.[32]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Rediff.com". Retrieved 11 May 2012.
- ^ IDSA Strategic Comments:: Is Kerala Emerging as India's New Terror Hub? :: Archived 12 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "NDF Minorities Campaign". The Hindu. 21 December 2005. Archived from the original on 1 October 2007. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
- ^ CHRO Website
- ^ "A Professor Praises Terrorism". The Washington Post. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
- ^ NDF in ties with Confederation of Human Rights Organisations
- ^ HRW Report
- ^ "Be the sentinel of Islam". The Hindu. 16 August 2005. Archived from the original on 27 April 2007. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
- ^ "Islamic Parade 2005". Ndfindia.com. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
- ^ "NDF Islamic Parade Report from". The Hindu. 16 August 2005. Archived from the original on 27 April 2007. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
- ^ "Indian Independence Day Activities in Kerala". The Hindu. 16 August 2005. Archived from the original on 9 September 2006. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
- ^ "Create broad-based alliance of all oppressed sections". The Hindu. 18 February 2007. Archived from the original on 20 February 2007. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
- ^ "Widespread protests against death sentence". The Hindu. 7 November 2006. Archived from the original on 1 October 2007. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
- ^ "NDF to take out black march". Hinduonnet.com. Archived from the original on 2 December 2007. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
- ^ "Relief activities in progress". The Hindu. 29 December 2004. Archived from the original on 31 December 2004. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
- ^ R. Krishnakumar, Marad shocks, Frontline (magazine), Volume 23, Issue 20, 7–20 October 2006 accessed at "Marad shocks". Archived from the original on 12 January 2009. Retrieved 9 February 2007. 29 December 2006
- ^ a b "Marad massacre: Kerala govt for CBI probe". The Times of India. PTI. 27 September 2006. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
- ^ UDF Slept As Marad Burned, by Aboo Backer, CPI(M) weekly
- ^ a b "The enemy within". Communalism Combat. March 1999. Retrieved 21 March 2012.
- ^ "BJP seeks inquiry into NDF-ISI links". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 20 May 2005. Archived from the original on 25 May 2005.
- ^ The Hindu – 20 May 2005
- ^ "Congress' anti-terrorism campaign in Malappuram". The Hindu. 30 September 2007. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
- ^ "ISI, Iran funded NDF: Rawat". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 14 May 2005. Archived from the original on 1 October 2007.
- ^ "NDF received aid from foreign countries". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 30 October 2005. Archived from the original on 8 January 2008.
- ^ "NDF activists attack Kottakkal police station; 27 arrested". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 23 March 2007. Archived from the original on 12 February 2008.
- ^ "Hinduonnet.com". Hinduonnet.com. Archived from the original on 24 November 2002. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
- ^ "Pakistan MP's visit to Kerala sparks row". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 29 April 2007. Archived from the original on 1 May 2007.
- ^ Bukay, David (2004). Muhammad's Monsters: A Comprehensive Guide to Radical Islam for Western Audiences P177-178. New Leaf Press. ISBN 0-89221-576-3.
Evidence of these processes [preparation for large-scale acts of terror] is mounting throughout India, and is reflected in the number of fundamentalist and subversive groups that exist, and the geographical spread of their activities. The most prominent of these include the Jamaat-e-Islami Hind, the All India Milli Council, All India Jihad Committee, The People's Democratic Party, Muslim United Front, Tamil Nadu Muslim Munnetra Kazagham, National Development Front, Students Islamic Movement of India, among others
- ^ "Police on alert after Mumbai blasts". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 18 July 2006. Archived from the original on 10 February 2008.
- ^ Ahamkaari (2003). "4". Will I Be Killed?: (for Writing the Following Contents. ..) P331. iUniverse. ISBN 0-595-27591-5.
Kerala is witnessing more and more recruits into this extremist Islamic ideology". When the names are the alarming "Lashkar-e-Toiba" and "Hizbul Mujahiddeen" in the "uneducated North", it is very humorously garbed as "National Development Front" in the south"
- ^ "[sacw] The Muslim Rightwing in Kerala". Insaf.net. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
- ^ Rajeev P I (16 March 2005). "Kerala's extremist outfit of many faces". The Indian Express. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
External links
[edit]- Probe into Marad riots, Times of India, 28 September 2006
- Rajeev Pi, In Kerala bastion, CPM fights hardline Muslim violence, Sunday Express, 20 August 2006 accessed at Indianexpress.com 29 December 2006
- R. Krishnakumar, The Maudany factor, Frontline (magazine), Volume 19, Issue 22, 26 October – 8 November 2002 accessed at Hinduonnet.com, 29 December 2006
- R. Krishnakumar, Concern in Kerala, Frontline (magazine), Vol.15, No.05, 7–20 March 1998 accessed at Hinduonnet.com, 29 December 2006
- In Kerala bastion, CPM fights hardline Muslim violence – The Indian Express
- Islamic Extremism and Subversion in South Asia – Ajai Sahni
- Probe into Marad riots, Times of India, 28 September 2006
- Court Rejects Anti-National Charge Against islamic leader PUCL.org Archived 16 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- Empower India Conference 15–17 February