Multiple complex developmental disorder

Multiple complex developmental disorder
Multiple complex developmental disorder
Specialty	Neurology/psychology

Multiple complex developmental disorder (MCDD) is a research category, proposed to involve several neurological and psychological symptoms where at least some symptoms are first noticed during early childhood and persist throughout life. It was originally suggested to be a subtype of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) with co-morbid schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder; however, there is some controversy that not everyone with MCDD meets criteria for both PDD and psychosis. The term multiplex developmental disorder was coined by Donald J. Cohen^[1] in 1986.

Diagnostic criteria

The current^[when?] diagnostic criteria for MCDD are a matter of debate due to it not being in the DSM-5 or ICD-10. Various websites contain various diagnostic criteria. At least three of the following categories should be present. Co-occurring clusters of symptoms must also not be better explained by being symptoms of another disorder such as experiencing mood swings due to autism, cognitive difficulties due to schizophrenia, and so on. The exact diagnostic criteria for MCDD remain unclear but may be a useful diagnosis for people who do not fall into any specific category. It could also be argued that MCDD is a vague and unhelpful term for these patients.

1. Regulation of affective state (anxiety, panic and aggression).

Intense generalized anxiety, diffuse tension, or irritability. Unusual fears and phobias that are peculiar in content or in intensity. Recurrent panic episodes, terror, or flooding with anxiety. Episodes lasting from minutes to days of behavioral disorganization or regression with the emergence of markedly immature, primitive, and/or self-injurious behaviors. Significant and wide emotional variability with or without environmental precipitants. High frequency of idiosyncratic anxiety reactions such as sustained periods of uncontrollable giggling, giddiness, laughter, or "silly" affect that is inappropriate in the context of the situation.

2. Consistent impairments in social behavior and sensitivity.

Social disinterest, detachment, avoidance, or withdrawal in the face of evident competence (at times) of social engagement, particularly with adults. More often attachments may appear friendly and cooperative but very superficial, based primarily on receiving material needs. Inability to initiate or maintain peer relationships. Disturbed attachments displaying high degrees of ambivalence to adults, particularly to parents/caregivers, as manifested by clinging, overly controlling, needy behavior, and/or shifting aggressive, oppositional behavior toward parents, teachers, or therapists are common. Profound limitations in the capacity of empathy or to read or understand others’ affects accurately.

3. Impaired cognitive processing (thinking disorder)

Thought problems that are well out of proportion with mental age, including irrationality, sudden intrusions on normal thought process, magical thinking, neologisms or nonsense words repeated over and over, desultory thinking, blatantly illogical bizarre ideas. Confusion between reality and fantasy life. Perplexity and easy confusability (trouble with understanding ongoing social processes and keeping one's thoughts "straight"). Delusions, including fantasies of personal omnipotence, paranoid preoccupations, over engagement with fantasy figures, grandiose fantasies of special powers, and referential ideation.

Causes

Multiple complex developmental disorder is likely to be caused by a number of different various genetic factors. Each individual with MCDD is unique from one another and displays different symptoms. Various neuropsychological disorders can also be found in family members of people with MCDD.

References

^ Cohen, D. J.; Paul, R.; Volkmar, F. R. (1986). "Issues in the Classification of Pervasive and Other Developmental Disorders: Toward DSM-IV". Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry. 25 (2): 213–220. doi:10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60228-4. PMID 3700908.

Weisbrot, Deborah M.; Carlson, Gabrielle A. (February 2005). ""Diagnostically Homeless": Is it ADHD? Mania? Autism? What to do if no diagnosis fits" (PDF). Current Psychiatry. 4 (2). Montvale, New Jersey: Dowden Health Media: 25–42. ISSN 1537-8276. OCLC 232115063. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 19, 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2009.

External links

https://web.archive.org/web/20140119071845/http://medicine.yale.edu/childstudy/autism/information/mdd.aspx

[1] Cohen, D. J.; Paul, R.; Volkmar, F. R. (1986). "Issues in the Classification of Pervasive and Other Developmental Disorders: Toward DSM-IV". Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry. 25 (2): 213–220. doi:10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60228-4. PMID 3700908.

[1]

v t e Autism
Main	Causes Diagnosis Epidemiology Epigenetics Heritability History Memory Pathophysiology Sex and gender Societal and cultural aspects Therapies
Diagnoses	Pervasive developmental disorder Autistic disorder Asperger syndrome Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified Childhood disintegrative disorder High-functioning autism
Associated conditions and phenomena	Alexithymia Anxiety LGBTQ identities Catatonia Masking Echolalia Echopraxia Emotional dysregulation Hyperlexia Infodumping Late talker Monotropism Nonspeaking Pathological demand avoidance Pronoun reversal Reading differences Savant syndrome Special interests Stimming Sensory overload Suicide among people with autism
Comorbid conditions	Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder Avoidant personality disorder Anxiety disorder obsessive–compulsive disorder Bipolar disorder Developmental coordination disorder Developmental verbal dyspraxia Epilepsy Gender dysphoria Global developmental delay Intellectual disability Major depressive disorder Schizoid personality disorder Sensory processing disorder Sleep disorder Suicide Tinnitus
Associated syndromes	16p11.2 deletion syndrome 16p11.2 duplication syndrome 17q12 microdeletion syndrome 22q13 deletion syndrome Angelman syndrome Beck–Fahrner syndrome CACNA1C-related disorders CHARGE syndrome Cohen syndrome Cornelia de Lange syndrome DiGeorge syndrome Down syndrome Dup15q Goldenhar syndrome Fetal valproate spectrum disorder Fragile X syndrome Jacobsen syndrome Malan syndrome MECP2 duplication syndrome Neurofibromatosis type I Noonan syndrome Multiple hamartoma syndrome O'Donnell-Luria–Rodan syndrome Pitt–Hopkins syndrome Rett syndrome Skraban–Deardorff syndrome Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome Sotos syndrome SYNGAP1-related intellectual disability Tatton-Brown–Rahman syndrome Timothy syndrome TRPM3-related neurodevelopmental disorder Tuberous sclerosis Williams syndrome
Related issues	Ableism Autistic rights movement Critical autism studies Discrimination Double empathy problem Employment Military service and conscription Multiple complex developmental disorder Neurodiversity Neuroqueer theory Peripheral neuropathy Reduced affect display Sanism Self-harm Suicidal ideation TEACCH program Twice exceptional Violence and autism
Controversies	Facilitated communication Lancet MMR autism fraud MMR vaccine Rapid prompting method Thiomersal Chelation Combating Autism Act Autistic supremacism
Diagnostic scales	Autism Diagnostic Interview Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Childhood Autism Rating Scale Gilliam Asperger's disorder scale
Screening scales	Autism-spectrum quotient Childhood Autism Spectrum Test Ritvo Autism and Asperger Diagnostic Scale
Lists	Autism-related topics Fictional characters Schools
Accommodations	Autism-friendly Curb cut effect Inclusive design Neurodiversity and labor rights Neuroinclusive design Sensory friendly Supported employment Universal design
Category