Machine element

Machine element or hardware refers to an elementary component of a machine. These elements consist of three basic types: structural components such as frame members, bearings, axles, splines, fasteners, seals, and lubricants, mechanisms that control movement in various ways such as gear trains, belt or chain drives, linkages, cam and follower systems, including brakes and clutches, and control components such as buttons, switches, indicators, sensors, actuators and computer controllers. While generally not considered to be a machine element, the shape, texture and color of covers are an important part of a machine that provide a styling and operational interface between the mechanical components of a machine and its users. Machine elements are basic mechanical parts and features used as the building blocks of most machines. Most are standardized to common sizes, but customs are also common for specialized applications. Machine elements may be features of a part (such as screw threads or integral plain bearings) or they may be discrete parts in and of themselves such as wheels, axles, pulleys, rolling-element bearings, or gears. All of the simple machines may be described as machine elements, and many machine elements incorporate concepts of one or more simple machines. For example, a leadscrew incorporates a screw thread, which is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder. Many mechanical design, invention, and engineering tasks involve a knowledge of various machine elements and an intelligent and creative combining of these elements into a component or assembly that fills a need (serves an application).

Elementary components used in the structure, controls, or mechanisms of a machine

Machine element or hardware refers to an elementary component of a machine. These elements consist of three basic types:

1. structural components such as frame members, bearings, axles, splines, fasteners, seals, and lubricants,
2. mechanisms that control movement in various ways such as gear trains, belt or chain drives, linkages, cam and follower systems, including brakes and clutches, and
3. control components such as buttons, switches, indicators, sensors, actuators and computer controllers.^[1]

While generally not considered to be a machine element, the shape, texture and color of covers are an important part of a machine that provide a styling and operational interface between the mechanical components of a machine and its users.

Machine elements are basic mechanical parts and features used as the building blocks of most machines.^[2] Most are standardized to common sizes, but customs are also common for specialized applications.^[3]

Machine elements may be features of a part (such as screw threads or integral plain bearings) or they may be discrete parts in and of themselves such as wheels, axles, pulleys, rolling-element bearings, or gears. All of the simple machines may be described as machine elements, and many machine elements incorporate concepts of one or more simple machines. For example, a leadscrew incorporates a screw thread, which is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder.

Many mechanical design, invention, and engineering tasks involve a knowledge of various machine elements and an intelligent and creative combining of these elements into a component or assembly that fills a need (serves an application).

Structural elements

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1. Beams,
2. Struts,
3. Bearings,
4. Fasteners
5. Keys,
6. Splines,
7. Cotter pin,
8. Seals
9. Machine guardings

Mechanical elements

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1. Engine,
2. Electric motor,
3. Actuator,
4. Shafts,
5. Couplings
6. Belt,
7. Chain,
8. Cable drives,
9. Gear train,
10. Clutch,
11. Brake,
12. Flywheel,
13. Cam,
14. follower systems,
15. Linkage,
16. Simple machine

Types

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• Shafts^[4]
• Coupling^[4]
  • Key^[3]
  • Spline^[3]
• Bearing^[3]
  • Roller bearing
  • Plain bearing
  • Thrust bearing
  • Ball bearing
  • Linear bearing
  • Pillow block
• Gears^[4]
  • Spur gear
  • Helical gear
  • Worm gear
  • Herringbone gear
• Fastener^[5]
  • Screw^[3]
    • Screw thread
  • Nut^[3]
  • Clevis fastener
  • Retaining ring
    • Circlip
    • E-ring
  • Split pin cotter pin)
  • Linchpin
  • R-clip
  • Rivet^[3]
  • Tapered pin
  • O-ring
• Belt^[3]
  • Pulleys
• Clutch^[6]
• Brake^[6]
• Chain^[3]
  • Sprocket
• Wire rope^[3]
• Power screw

See also

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• Tool
• Electrical element
• Electronic component
• Mini survival kit
• Survival kit
• Repair kit
• List of sensors
• List of martial arts weapons
• Lists of weapons

References

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1. ^ Robert L. Norton, Machine Design, (4th Edition), Prentice-Hall, 2010
2. ^ Matthews, Clifford; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (2005), ASME engineer's data book (2nd ed.), ASME Press, p. 249, ISBN 978-0-7918-0229-8.
3. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} Bhandari, V. B. (2007), Design of machine elements (2nd ed.), Tata McGraw-Hill, p. 10, ISBN 978-0-07-061141-2.
4. ^ ^{a b c} Klebanov, Boris M.; Barlam, David; Nystrom, Frederic E. (2008), Machine elements: life and design, CRC Press, ISBN 978-0-8493-9563-5.
5. ^ Niemann, Gustav; Hirt, Manfred: Maschinenelemente Springer, Berlin 1975, 1983. ISBN 0-387-06809-0.
6. ^ ^{a b} Sharma, C. S.; Purohit, Kamlesh (2004), Design of machine elements, PHI Learning, p. vii–ix, ISBN 978-81-203-1955-4.

External links

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• Media related to Machine elements at Wikimedia Commons