Lower Chulym dialect

Lower Chulym
Ӧс (июс) тили
Native to	Russia
Region	Siberia
Ethnicity	Lower Chulyms
Extinct	2011[1]
Language family	Turkic Common Turkic Siberian Turkic South Siberian Northern Altai group [ru] (Chulym) Lower Chulym
Dialects	Küärik Ketsik Yezhi Yatsi Chibi
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Linguist List	clw-low
Glottolog	chul1246

Lower Chulym is a Turkic dialect of Chulym formerly spoken by the Chulyms on the lower course of the Chulym river and its tributaries, the Kiya and the Yaya in Russia. It went extinct in 2011. It is sometimes grouped with Northern Altai and the Kondoma dialect of Shor, due to similarities.

When the Russian researcher Dulzon began to study Lower Chulym in the 1940s, the Lower Chulym Turks numbered no more than 250. In the 1990s, their Russification was nearly complete. The language is today, with no doubt, extinct.^[2]

Lower Chulym is classified in the Siberian group of Turkic languages. Russian linguists consider it to be a dialect of Chulym, together with Middle Chulym [ru]. However, this question is still open.

It is sometimes classed with Northern Altai and the Kondoma dialect of Shor in a Northern Altai group. This is due to the Lower Chulym reflex of Proto-Turkic -d- as -j-, for example proto-Turkic *adak 'leg' as айақ, ajaq 'leg', versus Middle Chulym азақ, azaq. It also bears similarities with the Tom and Baraba dialects of Siberian Tatar.

A third Turkic variety, Küärik, was spoken in the Chulym basin, north of Mariinsk. It is known from the work of Radloff, created around 1900. This dialect, which had disappeared by the time of Dulzon in 1940, was considered by Radloff to be identical to Lower Chulym.^[3]

Key: K - Küärik, LC - Lower Chulym

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal		m	n	nʲ (K)	ŋ
Stop	voiceless	p	t	tʲ (LC)	k		ʔ
	voiced	b	d		g
Fricative	voiceless		s	ʃ	x		h
	voiced	v	z	ʒ	ɣ	(ʁ)
Affricate	voiceless		t͡s	t͡ʃ
	voiced		d͡z (LC)
Approximant			l	j
Rhotic			r

The words for the numerals 80 and 90 are сексон and тоқсон, in contrast to сегизон/сегизен and тоғузон/тоғузан for the rest of the Northern Altai group, being an isogloss with Khalaj, Middle Chulym, Kipchak (except for Southern Altai), Karluk and Oghuz.

^[4]

• Бирюкович, P. M. (1997). Чулымско-тюpкский язык. In Institut âzykoznaniâ (ed.). Tûrkskie âzyki Тюркские языки. Âzyki mira Языки мира (in Russian). Moskva: Izdatel'stvo Indrik. pp. 491–497. ISBN 978-5-85759-061-4.
• Pomorska, Marzanna (2004). Middle Chulym Noun Formation. Studia Turcologica Cracoviensia. Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka. p. 256. ISBN 9788371887840.