LMS Fowler Class 3F

LMS Fowler Class 3F
47336 at Ancoats, 1955
Type and origin Power type Steam Designer Henry Fowler Builder W. G. Bagnall (32) Wm. Beardmore & Co. (90) Hunslet Engine Co. (90) LMS Horwich Works (15) North British Locomotive Co. (75) Vulcan Foundry (120) Build date 1924–1931 Total produced 422
Specifications Configuration: ​  • Whyte 0-6-0T  • UIC C n2t Gauge 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge Driver dia. 4 ft 7 in (1.397 m) Wheelbase 16 ft 6 in (5.03 m) Length 31 ft 4+3⁄4 in (9.57 m) Loco weight 49.5 long tons (50.3 t; 55.4 short tons) Fuel type Coal Fuel capacity 2.25 long tons (2.29 t; 2.52 short tons) Water cap. 1,200 imp gal (5,500 L; 1,400 US gal) Firebox: ​  • Grate area 16 sq ft (1.5 m2) Boiler LMS type G51⁄2 Boiler pressure 160 lbf/in2 (1.10 MPa) Heating surface: ​  • Firebox 97 sq ft (9.0 m2)  • Tubes 967 sq ft (89.8 m2) Superheater None Cylinders Two, inside Cylinder size 18 in × 26 in (457 mm × 660 mm) Valve gear Stephenson link motion, slide valves
Performance figures Tractive effort 20,835 lbf (92.68 kN)
Career Operators London, Midland and Scottish Railway Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway War Department SNCF British Railways NCB Power class 3F Nicknames Jinty Axle load class BR: Route Availability 5 Locale London Midland Region Withdrawn 1945 (2), 1948 (5), 1959–1967 Disposition 9 preserved, remainder scrapped

The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Fowler 3F 0-6-0T is a class of steam locomotives, often known as Jinty. They represent the ultimate development of the Midland Railway's six-coupled tank engines. They could reach speeds of up to 60 mph (97 km/h).^[1]

Design of this class was based on rebuilds by Henry Fowler of the Midland Railway 2441 Class introduced in 1899 by Samuel Waite Johnson. These rebuilds featured a Belpaire firebox and improved cab. 422 Jinties were built between 1924 and 1931; this class was just one of the Midland designs used on an ongoing basis by the LMS. The locomotives were built by the ex-L&YR Horwich Works and the private firms Bagnall's, Beardmores, Hunslet, North British and the Vulcan Foundry.

When new, they were numbered 7100–7149, 16400–16764. Numbers 7150–7156 were added when the LMS absorbed the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway locomotives in 1930. In the 1934 LMS renumbering scheme, the locomotives were assigned the series 7260–7681. On the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939 they were initially chosen as the standard shunting locomotive for the War Department, but later the more modern Hunslet "Austerity" 0-6-0ST was chosen in preference. Nevertheless, eight were dispatched to France before its fall in 1940, and only five returned in 1948. Two, 7456 and 7553, were converted to the 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) Irish broad gauge in 1944 and 1945 for use on Northern Counties Committee lines in Northern Ireland, becoming the NCC Class Y, and numbered 18 and 19. A total of 412 thus entered British Railways stock in 1948, rising to 417 by the end of the year.

British Railways numbers were the LMS numbers prefixed with '4'. Numbers 47477, 47478, 47479, 47480, 47481, 47655 and 47681 were fitted for push-pull train working.

The first withdrawals started in 1959 and by 1964 half had been withdrawn. The final five survived until 1967, with a further one, 47445 continuing with the National Coal Board.

Thanks to their large numbers, renowned performance and late withdrawals, nine of these engines have been preserved, along with a spare set of frames and a boiler (from 47564). Many were restored within a few years of leaving the scrap heap, and most have a further working life ahead of them. All have steamed in preservation, with the exception of 47445.

One member of the class has operated on the main line in preservation. This was 7298/47298, which took part during the Rainhill celebrations in 1980 when it hauled a number of Steamport residents from the museum in Southport to Rainhill and also took part in the cavalcade. Owned by Ian Riley, in February 2017 it was undergoing its "ten-yearly overhaul"^[2] and was expected to return to operation "in a couple of years".^[2]

Locations and condition are shown below (current numbers in bold):

Image	Original Number (S&D number)	BR Number	Built	Builder	Withdrawn	Base	Status	Notes
	7119	47279	Aug 1924	Vulcan Foundry	Dec 1966	Keighley and Worth Valley Railway	Static Display	On display inside the museum at Oxenhope.
	7138	47298	Oct 1924	Hunslet Engine Company	Dec 1966	Ian Riley Engineering	Operational
	16407	47324	Jun 1926	North British Locomotive Company	Dec 1966	East Lancashire Railway	Undergoing Overhaul
	16410 (23)	47327	Jul 1926	North British Locomotive Company	Dec 1966	Midland Railway	Static Display	Currently painted in S&DJR Prussian Blue. Appeared in the film Train of Events, as a London yard shunter.
	16440	47357	Jul 1926	North British Locomotive Company	Dec 1966	Midland Railway	Running In	Made its first post overhaul moves in October 2023, to re-enter public service in December 2023.[3]
	16466	47383	Oct 1926	Vulcan Foundry	Oct 1967	Severn Valley Railway	Static Display, Awaiting Overhaul	Last to be withdrawn. On display inside The Engine House at Highley.
	16489	47406	Dec 1926	Vulcan Foundry	Dec 1966	Great Central Railway	Static Display, Awaiting Overhaul	Currently on display inside Mountsorrel Railway's Museum.
	16528	47445	May 1927	Hunslet Engine Company	Apr 1966	Midland Railway	Under Restoration	Sold to NCB after withdrawal.
	16576	47493	Feb 1928	Vulcan Foundry	Dec 1966	Spa Valley Railway	Undergoing Overhaul	Only example preserved with Screw Reverser, enhances performance[4]

An engine of this class can be seen in the Rev. W. Awdry's The Railway Series book The Eight Famous Engines.^[5] The character is named Jinty and comes from the "Other Railway" (a.k.a. British Railways) to help out when the main engines went on a journey to England.

In the video game Transport Tycoon by Chris Sawyer, the Jinty is offered as the cheapest and most basic engine in the game. The jinty later appeared in Chris Sawyer's Locomotion as the third UK steam engine available.^[6]

An OO gauge model of the Class 3F was first produced by Tri-ang in 1952 and production continued after the company became Hornby Railways in the 1970s. Hornby released a retooled version in 1978 with better detailing and continue to produce that model for their "Railroad" range.

In the 2000s Bachmann Branchline released a more detailed OO model. In N gauge Graham Farish produced a model as a "GP Tank" in various liveries including some of other railway companies before later tooling an accurate 'Jinty' model. In O gauge and Gauge 1 Bachmann Brassworks produce an example. In O gauge, Connoisseur Models produces an etched brass kit. In HO (3.5 mm) scale Firedrake Productions produced a small run of 20 kits.

Darstaed, a model train company in Great Britain, produced O gauge tintype models of the LMS Fowler Class 3F, affectionately referring to them by the nickname of Jinty^[7]

Dapol has produced a Jinty for the O gauge market which was released in September 2017^[8]

• Rowledge, J.W.P. (1975). Engines of the LMS, built 1923–51. Oxford: Oxford Publishing Company. ISBN 0-902888-59-5.
• Hunt, David; Jennison, John; Essery, Bob (1999). LMS Locomotive Profiles No. 14 The Standard Class 3 Freight Tank Engines. Wild Swan. ISBN 978-1-905184-80-4.
• Herring, Peter (2012). Classic British Steam locomotives. Egypt: Southwater Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78019-163-8.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to LMS Fowler 3F (Jinty).

• LMS Jinty at Spa Valley Railway - 28 April 2004 - Photo gallery