Java Pathfinder

Java Pathfinder (JPF) is a system to verify executable Java bytecode programs. JPF was developed at the NASA Ames Research Center and open sourced in 2005. The acronym JPF is not to be confused with the unrelated Java Plugin Framework project.

The core of JPF is a Java Virtual Machine. JPF executes normal Java bytecode programs and can store, match and restore program states. Its primary application has been Model checking of concurrent programs, to find defects such as data races and deadlocks. With its respective extensions, JPF can also be used for a variety of other purposes, including

• model checking of distributed applications
• model checking of user interfaces
• test case generation by means of symbolic execution
• low level program inspection
• program instrumentation and runtime monitoring

JPF has no fixed notion of state space branches and can handle both data and scheduling choices.

JPF is an open system that can be extended in a variety of ways. The main extension constructs are

• listeners - to implement complex properties (e.g. temporal properties)
• peer classes - to execute code at the host JVM level (instead of JPF), which is mostly used to implement native methods
• bytecode factories - to provide alternative execution semantics of bytecode instructions (e.g. to implement symbolic execution)
• choice generators - to implement state space branches such as scheduling choices or data value sets
• serializers - to implement program state abstractions
• publishers - to produce different output formats
• search policies - to use different program state space traversal algorithms

JPF includes a runtime module system to package such constructs into separate JPF extension projects. A number of such projects are available from the main JPF server, including a symbolic execution mode, numeric analysis, race condition detection for relaxed memory models, user interface model checking and many more.

• JPF cannot analyze Java native methods. If the system under test calls such methods, these have to be provided within peer classes, or intercepted by listeners
• as a model checker, JPF is susceptible to Combinatorial explosion, although it performs on-the-fly Partial order reduction
• the configuration system for JPF modules and runtime options can be complex

• MoonWalker - similar to Java PathFinder, but for .NET programs instead of Java programs

• New NASA Software Detects 'Bugs' in Java Computer Code
• NASA Develops New Software to Detect "Bugs" in Java Computer Code

• Willem Visser, Corina S. Păsăreanu, Sarfraz Khurshid. Test Input Generation with Java PathFinder. In: George S. Avrunin, Gregg Rothermel (Eds.): Proceedings of the ACM/SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis 2004. ACM Press, 2004. ISBN 1-58113-820-2.
• Willem Visser, Klaus Havelund, Guillaume Brat, Seungjoon Park, Flavio Lerda, Model Checking Programs, Automated Software Engineering 10(2), 2003.
• Klaus Havelund, Willem Visser, Program Model Checking as a New Trend, STTT 4(1), 2002.
• Klaus Havelund, Thomas Pressburger, Model Checking Java Programs using Java PathFinder, STTT 2(4), 2000.