Hyperloop One
Hyperloop One, known as Virgin Hyperloop until November 2022, was an American transportation technology company that worked to commercialize high-speed travel utilizing the Hyperloop concept which was a variant of the vacuum train. The company was established on June 1, 2014, and reorganized and renamed on October 12, 2017. Hyperloop systems were intended to move cargo and passengers at airline speeds but at a fraction of the cost. They were designed to run suspended by magnetic systems in a partially-evacuated tube. The original Hyperloop concept proposed to use a linear electric motor to accelerate and decelerate an air bearing levitated pod through a low-pressure tube. The vehicle was to glide silently at speeds up to 760 mph (1,220 km/h) with very low turbulence. The system was proposed to be entirely autonomous, quiet, direct-to-destination, and on-demand. It would have been built on elevated structures or in tunnels, free of at-grade crossings and requiring less right of way than high-speed rail or highways. Virgin Hyperloop made substantive technical changes to Elon Musk's initial proposal and chose not to pursue the Los Angeles–San Francisco notional route that Musk envisioned in his 2013 alpha-design white paper. It demonstrated a form of propulsion technology on May 11, 2016, at its test site in North Las Vegas. It completed a 500 m (1,600 ft) Development Loop (DevLoop) and on May 12, 2017, held its first full-scale test. The test combined Hyperloop components including vacuum, propulsion, levitation, sled, control systems, tube, and structures. On November 8, 2020, after more than 400 uncrewed tests, the firm conducted the first human trial at a speed of 172 km/h (107 mph) at its test site in Las Vegas, Nevada. However, in February 2022, the company abandoned plans for human rated travel and instead focused on freight, laying off more than 100 employees amounting to half its total workforce. In November of that year the company decided to rebrand, reverting to the name, Hyperloop One. It was announced on December 21, 2023 that the company would cease operations on December 31, 2023, due to a number of factors including financial challenges, high interest rates, initial backing and support, as well as to its failure to secure any contracts for building a working hyperloop system; it began selling its assets and laying off remaining employees. According to The Verge, all of its intellectual property would shift to its majority stakeholder, major Dubai port operator DP World.
 | |
 Hyperloop One XP-1 pod on display | |
| Formerly |
|
|---|---|
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Transportation Technology |
| Founded | June 1, 2014[1] |
| Founders | |
| Defunct | December 31, 2023 |
| Headquarters | Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
Key people |
|
Hyperloop One, known as Virgin Hyperloop until November 2022, was an American transportation technology company that worked to commercialize high-speed travel utilizing the Hyperloop concept which was a variant of the vacuum train. The company was established on June 1, 2014, and reorganized and renamed on October 12, 2017.[2]
Hyperloop systems were intended to move cargo and passengers at airline speeds but at a fraction of the cost. They were designed to run suspended by magnetic systems in a partially-evacuated tube.[3] The original Hyperloop concept proposed to use a linear electric motor to accelerate and decelerate an air bearing levitated pod through a low-pressure tube. The vehicle was to glide silently at speeds up to 760 mph (1,220 km/h) with very low turbulence.[4] The system was proposed to be entirely autonomous, quiet, direct-to-destination, and on-demand. It would have been built on elevated structures or in tunnels, free of at-grade crossings and requiring less right of way than high-speed rail or highways.[5]
Virgin Hyperloop made substantive technical changes to Elon Musk's initial proposal and chose not to pursue the Los Angeles–San Francisco notional route that Musk envisioned in his 2013 alpha-design white paper. It demonstrated a form of propulsion technology on May 11, 2016, at its test site in North Las Vegas.[6] It completed a 500 m (1,600 ft) Development Loop (DevLoop)[7] and on May 12, 2017, held its first full-scale test. The test combined Hyperloop components including vacuum, propulsion, levitation, sled, control systems, tube, and structures.[8]
On November 8, 2020, after more than 400 uncrewed tests, the firm conducted the first human trial at a speed of 172 km/h (107 mph) at its test site in Las Vegas, Nevada.[9][10] However, in February 2022, the company abandoned plans for human rated travel and instead focused on freight, laying off more than 100 employees amounting to half its total workforce.[11][12] In November of that year the company decided to rebrand, reverting to the name, Hyperloop One.[13]
It was announced on December 21, 2023 that the company would cease operations on December 31, 2023, due to a number of factors including financial challenges, high interest rates, initial backing and support,[14][15] as well as to its failure to secure any contracts for building a working hyperloop system; it began selling its assets and laying off remaining employees.[16] According to The Verge, all of its intellectual property would shift to its majority stakeholder, major Dubai port operator DP World.[17]
History
[edit]Origins
[edit]
The idea of trains in vacuum has been elaborated many times in history of science and science-fiction.[18] The concept of Hyperloop transportation was first introduced by Robert H. Goddard in 1904.[19][20]
The recent plans for a version of vacuum train called Hyperloop emerged from a conversation between Elon Musk and Iranian-American Silicon Valley investor Shervin Pishevar when they were flying together to Cuba on a humanitarian mission in January 2012. Pishevar asked Musk to elaborate on his hyperloop idea, which the industrialist had been mulling over for some time. Pishevar suggested using it for cargo, an idea Musk hadn't considered, but he did say he was considering open-sourcing the concept because he was too busy running SpaceX and Tesla. Pishevar pushed Musk to publish his ideas about the hyperloop, so that Pishevar could study them.[21]
On August 12, 2013, Musk released the Hyperloop Alpha white paper,[22] generating widespread attention and enthusiasm[citation needed]. In the months that followed Pishevar incorporated Hyperloop Technologies, which would later be renamed Hyperloop One, and recruited the first board members, including David O. Sacks, Jim Messina, and Joe Lonsdale. Pishevar also recruited a cofounder, former SpaceX engineer Brogan Bambrogan. The firm set up shop in Bambrogan's garage in Los Angeles in November 2014. By January 2015, the firm had raised $9 million in venture capital from Pishevar's Sherpa Capital and investors such as Formation 8 and Zhen Fund, and was able to move into its current campus in the Los Angeles Arts District. Forbes magazine put the firm on its February 2015 cover, landing the startup many fresh recruits and much new investor interest. In June 2015, Pishevar recruited former Cisco president Rob Lloyd as an investor and, eventually, the company's CEO.[23][24]
Funding and growth
[edit]Between June 2015 and December 2015, the company continued to hire engineers and expand its downtown campus (now up to 75,000 square feet). In December 2015, Hyperloop Tech announced it would hold an open-air propulsion test at a new Test and Safety Site in Nevada. At the time, the company disclosed it had raised $37 million in financing to date and was completing a Series B round of $80m,[25] which they closed on in May 2016.[26] In October 2016, the firm announced that it had raised another $50 million, led by an investment from 8VC and DP World.[27]
The propulsion open-air test or POAT, was successfully held in North Las Vegas on May 11, 2016. The POAT sled accelerated to 134 mph (216 km/h) in 2.3 seconds, representing a crucial proof of concept.[28] At the time, the renamed Hyperloop One announced it had secured partnerships with global engineering and design firms such as AECOM, SYSTRA, Arup, Deutsche Bahn, General Electric, and Bjarke Ingels.[26]
On November 10, 2016, Hyperloop One released its first system designs in collaboration with the Bjarke Ingels Group.[29]
On October 12, 2017, Hyperloop One and the Virgin Group announced that it developed a strategic investment partnership, resulting in Richard Branson joining the board of directors. The global strategic partnership will focus on passenger and mixed-use cargo service in addition to the creation of a new passenger division.[30] Hyperloop One had raised $295 million on December 18, 2017,[31] and subsequently was renamed Virgin Hyperloop One, and Branson became the chairman of the board of directors.[2] As of May 2019, the company had raised $400 million.[32]
In June 2020, the firm rebranded to Virgin Hyperloop, changing their logo and launching a new website.[33]
In October 2020, West Virginia governor Jim Justice announced that Virgin Hyperloop would be constructing a certification facility on land in Tucker and Grant Counties.[34][35] About 800 acres owned by Western Pocahontas near Mount Storm was donated to the West Virginia University Foundation, and cooperation was expected from WVU, Marshall University, and the West Virginia Community and Technical College System.[34][36]
Focus on freight and layoffs
[edit]In February 2022, the Financial Times reported that the company laid off more than 100 employees, with the move allowing it to focus on cargo transport instead of passenger travel.[37][38] In December 2022, a second round of layoffs was reported, focused on the firm's downtown Los Angeles staff and Las Vegas operational team.[39][40]
While Hyperloop One focuses on freight, competitors continue to focus on a mix of freight and passenger travel.[41][42]
The change in focus put construction of the West Virginia facility in question,[36] until the company admitted in March 2023 that it had been cancelled.[43]
The company shutdown operations in 2023 laying off its remaining staff and liquidating its assets.[44][45]
Test pods
[edit]XP-1
[edit]After Hyperloop One began the construction of 500-metre (1,600 ft) DevLoop in October 2016, the company successfully conducted the first full-system test using the levitating chassis without passenger pod on May 12, 2017. On July 12, 2017, the company revealed images of its first generation pod prototype to be used at the DevLoop test site in Nevada to test aerodynamics.[46] The system-wide test integrated Hyperloop components including vacuum, propulsion, levitation, sled, control systems, tube, and structures.[8][47] The company designed and built its first generation full-scale test pod name XP-1 (short for experimental pod one) to be used in the full-scale pod tests.[48][49]
XP-1 has the length of 8.7 metres (29 ft), the width of 2.4 metres (7.9 ft), and the height of 2.4 metres (7.9 ft). The pod's motor was evolved from 500 motors that were built and tested in order to operate with resiliency in near-vacuum environment.[50] The pod was successfully tested for the first time on July 29, 2017, with the 300 metres (980 ft) of acceleration to reach the recorded speeds of 310 kilometres per hour (190 mph). The pod achieved 3,151 horsepower during the test inside the depressurized tube with conditions similar to the atmosphere at 200,000 feet (61 km) above sea level.[48]
- Experimental pod one (XP-1)
-
Front view -
Side view -
Rear view -
Seams of carbon fiber shell -
Profile at a side rail -
Profile at the center rail -
Levitating chassis at the bottom inside the shell
On August 2, 2017, Hyperloop One successfully tested its XP-1 passenger pod, reaching speeds of up to 192 mph (309 km/h). It traveled for just over 980 ft (300 m) before the brakes kicked in and it rolled to a stop.[50] The XP-1 speed record was broken in August 2017 by WARR Hyperloop during the second Hyperloop Pod Competition with the top speeds of 324 kilometres per hour (201 mph);[51] however, the pods in the competition were too small to carry passengers.[52]
XP-1 set the world's speed record again during the test[clarification needed] in December 2017, reaching 387 kilometres per hour (240 mph). With that test, the company also demonstrated its airlock technology that allowed the pod to be transferred into the depressurized tube.[53] With this system, XP-1 pod can be put in an airlock which takes a few minutes to depressurize before entering the already depressurized tube. Otherwise, the pod would need to enter the tube and wait for the 4-hour depressurization of the entire test tube.[54] In 2018, WARR Hyperloop broke XP-1 record again in the third Hyperloop Pod Competition, on a longer[quantify] track.[52]
In the summer of 2019, the company took XP-1 on a roadshow to Ohio, Texas, Kansas, New York, Missouri, North Carolina, and Washington, D.C.[55][56]
XP-2
[edit]- Experimental pod two (XP-2) also known as 'Pegasus'
-
Rear view -
Side view -
Side view -
Interior view -
Estimated travel time
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
For the company's passenger testing, they created a new vehicle, dubbed "experimental pod 2", or XP-2. The vehicle was designed by Bjarke Ingels Group and Kilo Design.[57]
On November 8, 2020, after more than 400 uncrewed tests, the firm conducted the first human trial with Josh Giegel, its co-founder and CTO, and Sara Luchian, Director of Passenger Experience, as the first passengers at a speed of 172 km/h (107 mph) at its DevLoop test site in Las Vegas, Nevada.[9][10] The test was conducted in a near-vacuum environment of 100 Pascals.[58]
In March 2021, Virgin Hyperloop announced that the vehicle would be on display at the Smithsonian Arts and Industries Building in late 2021.[59][needs update]
Following successful passenger testing, Virgin Hyperloop unveiled its commercial vehicle design in January 2021.[60] Designed in collaboration with Seattle-based design firm Teague, each vehicle is planned to seat about 28 passengers but can transport thousands of passengers per hour in convoys.[61]
Funding
[edit]Hyperloop One had raised over $485 million as of May 2019.[62] Its investors include Sherpa Capital, Formation 8, 137 Ventures,[63] DP World,[64] Khosla Ventures,[63] Caspian Venture Capital, Fast Digital,[63] Western Technology Investment,[63] Zhen Fund, GE Ventures,[63] and SNCF.[63]
Management
[edit]As of July 2018[update], the board of directors included Richard Branson (chairman), Justin Fishner-Wolfson, Sultan Ahmed Bin Sulayem, Rob Lloyd, Josh Giegel, Bill Shor, Yuvraj Narayan, Anatoly Braverman, and Emily White as a strategic adviser.[65] Former board members include Peter Diamandis, Jim Messina, who as of July 2018[65] serves as strategic adviser, former Morgan Stanley executive Jim Rosenthal, Joe Lonsdale, the co-founder Shervin Pishevar,[66] who took a leave of absence from Hyperloop One in December 2017 after multiple women accused him of sexual misconduct,[67][68][69][70] and Ziyavudin Magomedov, a Russian billionaire who was arrested on embezzlement charges in 2018.[71]
On November 8, 2018, Sultan Ahmed bin Sulayem succeeded Richard Branson as chairman.[72]
In February 2021, co-founder Josh Giegel was named CEO,[73] before being replaced by CFO Raja Narayanan in October 2021. The firm announced an intent to accelerate scheduled fielding of production systems from the early 2030s to the mid-2020s, and that the planned initial project would transport freight between the cities of Dubai and Abu-Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates.[74]
Planned cooperation
[edit]In June 2016 the company announced a memorandum of understanding with the Summa Group and the Russian government to construct a hyperloop in Moscow and has since completed feasibility studies in Moscow and in the Far East.[75]
In August 2016, the firm announced a deal with the world's third largest ports operator, DP World, to develop a cargo offloader system at Jebel Ali in Dubai.[76] On November 8, 2016, the firm announced it had signed a deal with Dubai's Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) to conduct feasibility studies on potential passenger and cargo hyperloop routes in the United Arab Emirates.[29]
By April 2017, the firm had feasibility studies underway in the United Arab Emirates, Finland, Sweden, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Moscow, and the UK.[77] On September 1, 2017, the firm signed a letter of intent with Estonia to cooperate on the Helsinki–Tallinn Tunnel.[78]
In February 2018, the Virgin Group signed an "intent agreement" with the Government of Maharashtra state of India to build a hyperloop transportation system between Mumbai and Pune.[79] In August 2019, the government deemed hyperloop a public infrastructure project and approved the Virgin Hyperloop-DP World Consortium as the Original Project Proponent (OPP), recognizing hyperloop technology alongside other more traditional forms of mass transit. The Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India, K. VijayRaghavan, set up a Consultative Group on Future of Transportation (CGFT) to explore the regulatory path for hyperloop.[80]
On July 19, 2018, an Ohio regional planning commission was investigating using hyperloop between airports and potentially between Chicago, Columbus, and Pittsburgh;[81] in May 2020 the commission released the results of their Midwest Connect feasibility study, which found that the route would create $300 billion in overall economic benefits and reduce CO2 emission by 2.4 million tons.[82]
In July 2018, Texas officials announced that the state will explore hyperloop technology for a route connecting Dallas, Austin, San Antonio, and Laredo.[83] In June 2019, the firm announced an ongoing collaboration with the Sam Fox School of Washington University in St. Louis to explore proposals for the Missouri Hyperloop.[84][85] In October 2019, Missouri became the first US state to conduct a hyperloop feasibility study,[86] exploring a route between Kansas City and St. Louis.
In December 2019, the State Government of Punjab, India, signed an MoU with the firm to explore a route connecting the Amritsar-Ludhiana-Chandigarh corridor.[87]
In February 2020, the firm signed a partnership agreement with Saudi Arabia to conduct a pre-feasibility study.[88] In September 2020, Virgin Hyperloop signed a partnership agreement with Bangalore International Airport Limited to conduct a feasibility study for a proposed corridor from BLR Airport.[89]
Hyperloop One Global Challenge
[edit]In 2016, the firm launched its Hyperloop One Global Challenge to find the locations for, develop, and construct the world's first hyperloop networks.[90] In January 2017, the firm announced the 35 semifinalist routes (spread over 17 countries)[91] and held a series of events showcasing the semifinalists, Vision for India in February,[92] Vision for America in April[93] and Vision for Europe in June.[94] On September 14, 2017, Hyperloop One announced the 10 winners;[95] they were to be invited to work closely with the firm on viability studies to try to bring their respective loops from proposal to reality.[96]
The ten winning routes that were selected are:[97]
| # | Country | Route |
|---|---|---|
| 1 |  United States |
Chicago to Columbus to Pittsburgh |
| 2 | Dallas to Laredo to Houston | |
| 3 | Cheyenne to Denver to Pueblo | |
| 4 | Miami to Orlando | |
| 5 |  Canada |
Toronto to Ottawa to Montreal |
| 6 |  Mexico |
Mexico City to Guadalajara |
| 7 |  United Kingdom |
Edinburgh to London |
| 8 | Glasgow to Liverpool | |
| 9 |  India |
Bengaluru (Bangalore) to Chennai |
| 10 | Mumbai to Pune |
Lawsuits
[edit]In July 2016, the CTO and co-founder Brogan BamBrogan left the company,[98] later filing a lawsuit with three other former employees alleging breach of fiduciary duty and misuse of corporate resources.[99] On July 19, 2016, Hyperloop One filed a counterclaim against the four former employees, alleging they staged a failed coup of the company, in the process breaching agreements around fiduciary duty, non-competes, proprietary information, and non-disparagement, as well as intentional interference with contractual relations.[100] On November 18, 2016, both parties agreed to settle the lawsuit. Terms were confidential and not disclosed.[101] BamBrogan and other former Hyperloop One and SpaceX employees went on to found Arrivo, another Hyperloop company (defunct in 2018).[102]
References
[edit]- ^ "Fact Sheet And FAQ". hyperloop | one. Archived from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved September 22, 2017.
- ^ a b "New Chairman, New Funding, & New Speed Records". Hyperloop One. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved May 5, 2018.
- ^ Garfield, Leanna (February 20, 2018). "History of the Hyperloop and pneumatic tubes as transportation". Business Insider. Archived from the original on May 25, 2020.
- ^ Opgenoord, Max M. J. (2017). "On the Aerodynamic Design of the Hyperloop Concept" (PDF). 35th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. doi:10.2514/6.2017-3740. ISBN 978-1-62410-501-2. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved January 5, 2024.
- ^ "Hyperloop One web site". Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
- ^ "Hyperloop Futuristic Transportation System Has Its 1st Public Demo". NPR. May 11, 2016. Archived from the original on July 24, 2018. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
- ^ "Photos: Hyperloop One Shows Off 'DevLoop' Test Tube in Nevada". Inverse. March 7, 2017. Archived from the original on July 30, 2017. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ^ a b "Hyperloop's first real test is a whooshing success". Wired. July 12, 2017. Archived from the original on July 14, 2017. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ^ a b "Virgin Hyperloop hosts first human ride on new transport system". The Times of India. November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
- ^ a b "First Manned 'Hyperloop Technology' Test in Las Vegas". November 9, 2020. Retrieved January 15, 2021.
- ^ Yoonji Han (Feb 21, 2022), "Virgin Hyperloop lays off half of its employees as it pivots away from passenger travel", Business Insider
- ^ (February 21, 2022), "Virgin Hyperloop axes half its staff in focus on freight" Archived February 28, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Ledger
- ^ "Virgin pulls its name from Hyperloop One". Engadget. November 4, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
- ^ O'Kane, Sean (December 21, 2023). "Hyperloop One is reportedly shutting down". TechCrunch. Retrieved December 22, 2023.
- ^ "Virgin's Hyperloop Venture Collapses Amid Financial Struggles". OilPrice.com. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
- ^ McBride, Sarah (December 21, 2023). "Hyperloop One to Shut Down After Failing to Reinvent Transit". Bloomberg. Retrieved December 21, 2023.
- ^ Hawkins, Andrew J. (December 21, 2023). "The hyperloop is dead for real this time". The Verge. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
- ^ "15 remarkable images that show the 200-year evolution of the Hyperloop". Business Insider. February 20, 2018. Archived from the original on May 25, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
- ^ Patent US2511979A: Vacuum tube transportation system patents.google.com, accessed 9 November 2020
- ^ Garfield, Leanna. "15 remarkable images that show the 200-year evolution of the Hyperloop". Business Insider. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
- ^ "Hyperloop Is Real: Meet The Startups Selling Supersonic Travel". Forbes. February 11, 2015. Archived from the original on November 14, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
- ^ "Hyperloop Alpha" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 12, 2013. Retrieved August 13, 2013.
- ^ "Hyperloop Is Real: Meet The Startups Selling Supersonic Travel". Forbes. US. February 11, 2015. Archived from the original on November 14, 2016. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
- ^ Singleton, Micah (February 11, 2015). "Hyperloop Technologies is trying to make Elon Musk's dream a reality". The Verge. US. Archived from the original on December 10, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
- ^ "Hyperloop Technologies Inc. Announces Land Deal For Propulsion Open Air Test in North Las Vegas, Nevada". Business Wire. Archived from the original on November 16, 2016. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
- ^ a b Walker, Alissa (May 10, 2016). "Here's What the First Full-Scale Test of the Hyperloop Will Look Like [Updated]". Gizmodo. US: Gawker Media. Archived from the original on May 11, 2016. Retrieved May 11, 2016.
- ^ "Hyperloop One wins backing from DP World". Archived from the original on November 15, 2016. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
- ^ "0 to 400 mph in mere seconds: Welcome to the age of hyperloop". USA Today. May 11, 2016. Archived from the original on July 21, 2017. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ^ a b "Hyperloop One releases "comprehensive concept design" for high-speed rail in Dubai". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on March 20, 2017. Retrieved June 14, 2017.
- ^ "Hyperloop One Is Now 'Virgin Hyperloop One' Thanks to Richard Branson's Investment". Fortune. October 12, 2017. Archived from the original on October 13, 2017. Retrieved October 13, 2017.
- ^ Richard Branson takes hyperloop wheel after Pishevar exits under a cloud www.usatoday.com, accessed 9 November 2020
- ^ Motavalli, Jim. "Virgin Hyperloop One's $400 Million Bid to Supercharge Transportation". barrons.com. Retrieved June 5, 2019.
- ^ "Virgin Hyperloop". Virgin Hyperloop. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
- ^ a b "Gov. Justice announces Virgin Hyperloop to build Hyperloop Certification Center in West Virginia". governor.wv.gov.
- ^ "Image Relay - West Virginia Tourism Office | Virgin Hyperloop/WV Media Kit Collection". wvtourism.imagerelay.com.
- ^ a b WRITER, Charles Young SENIOR STAFF (March 7, 2022). "Questions raised about Hyperloop's future in West Virginia". WV News.
- ^ "Virgin Hyperloop axes half its staff to focus on freight". Financial Times. February 21, 2022. Retrieved February 23, 2022.
- ^ (February 21, 2022), "Virgin Hyperloop axes half its staff in focus on freight" Archived February 28, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Ledger via Financial Times
- ^ Isabel Sami (December 9, 2022). "Hyperloop One is letting employees go in second round of layoffs this year". L.A. Business First. Retrieved December 22, 2022.
- ^ "Hyperloop One retooling to focus on freight transport; more employees laid off". December 2, 2022.
- ^ Cunningham, Ed (August 1, 2022). "This futuristic high-speed rail route will take you from Paris to Berlin in just one hour". Time Out Worldwide.
- ^ "Is a Full-scale Hyperloop System on the Horizon?".
- ^ Hoppy Kercheval (March 24, 2023). "Hyperloop Stalls". MetroNews.
- ^ "High-speed train company Hyperloop One shuts down". www.bbc.com. December 22, 2023. Retrieved April 11, 2026.
- ^ "Hyperloop One to Shut Down After Failing to Reinvent Transit". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on January 31, 2026. Retrieved April 11, 2026.
- ^ Walker, Alissa (July 12, 2017). "Hyperloop One reveals full-size prototype of its shiny new pod design". Curbed. Archived from the original on July 16, 2017. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ^ O'Kane, Sean; Hawkins, Andrew J. (July 12, 2017). "Hyperloop One had its first full-system test of ultrafast transportation system". The Verge. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
- ^ a b Etherington, Darrell (August 2, 2017). "Hyperloop One's full-scale pod reaches 192 mph in new Nevada track test". TechCrunch. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
- ^ Ghose, Carrie (August 6, 2019). "Hyperloop One CEO: Public-private partnerships key to who gets 1st route". Columbus Business First. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
- ^ a b "Hyperloop One's passenger pod takes its first ride". Engadget. August 2, 2017. Archived from the original on August 2, 2017. Retrieved August 3, 2017.
- ^ Toor, Amar (August 28, 2017). "German students win Hyperloop Pod competition after reaching 200 mph". The Verge. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
- ^ a b Brown, Mike (August 5, 2019). "Hyperloop: Here's Why We Haven't Hit 700 MPH". Inverse. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
- ^ Hawkins, Andrew J. (December 19, 2017). "The hyperloop has a new world speed record: 240 mph". The Verge. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
- ^ Goodwin, Antuan (January 11, 2018). "Hyperloop One's Devloop: Get a glimpse at transportation's future". CNET. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
- ^ Akers, Mick (July 30, 2019). "Virgin Hyperloop One test pod hitting the road on 3-city tour". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
- ^ "Five New Stops Added to Virgin Hyperloop One U.S. Roadshow". Virgin Hyperloop One. September 23, 2019. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
- ^ "Virgin Hyperloop: first human passenger test in BIG-designed XP-2 pod". Archinect. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
- ^ "Virgin Hyperloop | Pegasus". Virgin Hyperloop. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
- ^ Gamillo, Elizabeth. "Smithsonian's 'Futures' Exhibition to Feature Virgin Hyperloop's Record-Breaking Transportation Pod". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
- ^ Giacobbe, Alyssa (January 27, 2021). "Exclusive First Look at Richard Branson's Hyperloop Propulsion Pods". Architectural Digest. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
- ^ "Here's what traveling by Hyperloop could look like". Futurism. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
- ^ "Virgin Hyperloop One funding rounds, valuation, and investors". May 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f Tilley, Aaron (May 11, 2016). "Hyperloop One Announces Key Partnerships, $80 Million Investment As It Prepares First Public Test". Forbes. Archived from the original on October 13, 2017. Retrieved August 31, 2017.
- ^ "The Little Engine That Might? Hyperloop One Boosts Funding; Names Ex-Uber CFO As Adviser". Forbes. Archived from the original on November 15, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
- ^ a b "Team". US: Hyperloop One. Archived from the original on July 30, 2018.
- ^ "Team". US: Hyperloop One. Archived from the original on July 10, 2017.
- ^ Dickey, Megan Rose. "Shervin Pishevar takes immediate leave of absence from Hyperloop One and Sherpa Capital". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on December 5, 2017. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
- ^ "Silicon Valley VC Shervin Pishevar Takes Leave From His Companies After Misconduct Claims". Bloomberg.com. December 5, 2017. Archived from the original on December 5, 2017. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
- ^ Carson, Biz. "Shervin Pishevar Steps Aside At Sherpa, Hyperloop Amid Sexual Harassment Allegations". Forbes. Archived from the original on December 5, 2017. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
- ^ "Virgin Hyperloop One Revamps Board; Director Arrested". Bloomberg. US. April 3, 2018. Archived from the original on April 3, 2018. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
- ^ Nikolskaya, Polina (March 31, 2018). "Russian tycoon Magomedov arrested on embezzlement charges". Reuters. Retrieved August 3, 2018.
- ^ Virgin Hyperloop One Announces New Leadership Team to Support Commercialization and Implementation of World’s First Hyperloop System Archived January 6, 2019, at the Wayback Machine 8 November 2018 hyperloop-one.com, accessed 9 November 2020
- ^ "Josh Giegel is hyperloop's true believer — and its best hope". Protocol. February 23, 2021. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
- ^ Nair, Manoj (October 31, 2021). "With Dubai-owned DP World's push, Hyperloop to soon enable Dubai-Abu Dhabi cargo transport in minutes". Gulf News. Retrieved November 7, 2021.
- ^ della Cava, Marco (June 21, 2016). "Hyperloop One unveils Russia deal with goal of new Silk Road". USA TODAY. Archived from the original on June 22, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
- ^ "Hyperloop One, DP World Sign Agreement To Pursue A Hyperloop Route In Dubai". Archived from the original on November 15, 2016. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
- ^ Hawkins, Andrew (April 4, 2017). "The hyperloop is ready for its big 'Kitty Hawk' moment — and may be coming to a US city near you". The Verge. US. Archived from the original on April 8, 2017. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
- ^ Vahtla, Aili (September 1, 2017). "Estonia, Hyperloop One sign letter of intent". Eesti Rahvusringhääling. Estonia. Archived from the original on April 16, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
- ^ "Virgin, Maharashtra in pact to build Mumbai-Pune Hyperloop". Money Control. India. February 19, 2018. Archived from the original on February 26, 2018. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
- ^ "India makes advances on world's first passenger hyperloop system". Intelligent Transport. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
- ^ Ferenchik, Mark (July 19, 2018). "Regional planners pitch 13-mile test of Virgin Hyperloop". ColumbusDispatch. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
- ^ "Virgin Hyperloop | Ohio Officials Announce Results of Midwest Hyperloop Feasibility Study". Virgin Hyperloop. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
- ^ "North Central Texas Council of Governments - OFFICIALS CONFIRM HYPERLOOP AS TECHNOLOGY OPTION FOR DALLAS-ARLINGTON-FT. WORTH HIGH SPEED CORRIDOR". nctcog.org. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
- ^ "Designing hyperloop infrastructure | The Source | Washington University in St. Louis". The Source. June 24, 2019. Retrieved August 9, 2019.
- ^ One, Virgin Hyperloop (June 24, 2019). "Virgin Hyperloop One Announces Collaboration with Washington University in St. Louis". GlobeNewswire News Room (Press release). Retrieved August 9, 2019.
- ^ "Missouri's Blue Ribbon Panel on Hyperloop releases its report (Video)". bizjournals.com. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
- ^ "Punjab to conduct feasibility study for Hyperloop transport - Times of India". The Times of India. PTI. December 3, 2019. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
- ^ "Saudi Arabia partners with Virgin Hyperloop One on world's first National Hyperloop Study". ameinfo.com. February 7, 2020.
- ^ "Virgin Hyperloop and Bangalore International Airport Limited Announce Ground-Breaking Partnership to Conduct Feasibility Study". Virgin Hyperloop and Bangalore International Airport Limited Announce Ground-Breaking Partnership to Conduct Feasibility Study. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
- ^ "'Hyperloop One Global Challenge' launches to develop the world's first hyperloop networks". Electrek. May 10, 2016. Archived from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ^ "Hyperloop One Announces Semifinalists Of Its Global Challenge". PR Newswire. January 6, 2017. Archived from the original on August 2, 2017. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ^ "Hyperloop One Unveiles 'Vision For India'". The Times of India. March 1, 2017. Archived from the original on March 7, 2017. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ^ "Pipe Dream: Hyperloop One's Plan for High-Speed Transport". Inverse. April 17, 2017. Archived from the original on September 16, 2017. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ^ "Hyperloop travel is coming to Europe | DW | 17.07.2017". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
- ^ "Hyperloop One Global Challenge". hyperloop-one.com. Archived from the original on September 21, 2017. Retrieved May 27, 2019.
- ^ "Hyperloop One Global Challenge winners include India, US, UK, Canada, and Mexico". The Next Web. September 14, 2017. Archived from the original on October 13, 2017. Retrieved October 12, 2017.
- ^ "Toronto to Montreal in 39 minutes? Futuristic people mover zips to next stage". Canada: CBC News. 2017. Archived from the original on September 16, 2017. Retrieved September 14, 2017.
- ^ Geuss, Megan (July 1, 2016). "CTO and co-founder of Hyperloop One leaves amid reported tensions". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on July 24, 2016. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
- ^ Geuss, Megan (July 12, 2016). "Former Hyperloop One CTO alleges executive placed a noose in his office". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on July 20, 2016. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
- ^ Geuss, Megan (July 20, 2016). "Hyperloop One accuses former employees of staging a coup". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on July 21, 2016. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
- ^ Reim, Garrett (November 21, 2016). "Hyperloop One Settles Employee Lawsuit". Los Angeles Business Journal. Archived from the original on November 21, 2016. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
- ^ Korosec, Kirsten (February 10, 2017). "Another New Hyperloop Company Just Launched". Fortune. Archived from the original on August 3, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
External links
[edit]- Alan James about Baltic Sea Hyperloop One ring
- Transformed connections & enhanced cohesion. Example opportunities for Europe
- Transformed connections & enhanced cohesion. Example opportunities for Europe, 7 June 2017
