False map turtle

False map turtle
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Testudines
Suborder:	Cryptodira
Family:	Emydidae
Genus:	Graptemys
Species:	G. pseudogeographica
Binomial name
Graptemys pseudogeographica (Gray, 1831)
Subspecies
G. p. pseudogeographica (Gray, 1831), false map turtle G. p. kohnii (Baur, 1890), Mississippi map turtle[2]
Range map
Synonyms
List Emys pseudogeographica Gray, 1831 Emys lesueurii Gray, 1831 Graptemys lesueurii — Agassiz, 1857 Clemmys pseudogeographica — Strauch, 1862 Graptemys pseudogeographica — Gray, 1863 Malacoclemmys pseudogeographicus — Cope, 1875 Malacoclemmys lesueuri Yarrow, 1883 (ex errore) Malacoclemmys pseudographicus [N.S.] Davis & [F.L.] Rice, 1883 (ex errore) Malacoclemmys lesueurii — Boulenger, 1889 Malaclemys pseudogeographica — O.P. Hay, 1892 Malaclemys pseudogeographicus — Paulmier, 1902 Graptemys pseudogeographicus — Siebenrock, 1909 Graptemys pseudogeographica pseudogeographica — Stejneger & Barbour, 1917 Malaclemys pseudogeographica pseudogeographica — Cochran & Goin, 1970 Graptemys pseudogeoraphica Anan'eva et al., 1988 (ex errore)[3] Graptemys pseudogeographica pseudogeographica — Crother, 2000[2]

The false map turtle (Graptemys pseudogeographica) is a species of turtle endemic to the United States. It is a common pet species. Two subspecies are recognized, including the nominotypical subspecies described here.

• Nominotypical subspecies: G. p. pseudogeographica (Gray, 1831) – False map turtle
• G. p. kohnii (Baur, 1890) – Kohn's map turtle,^[4] Mississippi map turtle^[2]

The false map turtle lives in large streams of the Missouri and Mississippi River systems, ranging from Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, through the Dakotas southward to southwestern Alabama, southern and western Mississippi, and Louisiana. The false map turtle also lives in several other river systems of Southwest Louisiana and East Texas.

Also known as a "sawback" turtle, the turtle has a carapace featuring a vertebral row of low spines, and is serrated on the posterior rim. The carapace is olive to brown in color with light yellowish markings with dark borders, often with a dark mark on each scute.^[5] The plastron color varies from cream to yellow and is patterned with dark lines along the seams in juveniles. The body color of the false map turtle is grayish brown to blackish and is marked with light brown, yellow, or whitish stripes. The eye can be brown, light yellow, white, or green and is crossed with a dark bar. There can be a distinct "L" mark just behind each eye.^[5] Narrow hooked marks behind the eye fuse with dorsal lines on the head and neck. Also, small light-colored spots occur below the eye and on the chin.

• 
  Dorsal view, showing bright "L" above eyes
• 
  Juvenile

In the Midwest, the false map turtle is a species of special interest in Ohio, and is threatened in South Dakota.^[5]

Map turtles of all kinds are avid baskers, spending many hours during the day in the sun. When with other turtles, they also are very communal, sharing space and using each other for predator-watching, increasing the odds of surviving an attack.

The false map turtle is a strong swimmer and prefers rivers and large creeks with moderate currents, containing aquatic vegetation, as well as snags or floating logs. They are also comfortable in deep and swift water. The turtles are present in oxbow lakes and sloughs, but are absent from lakes, ponds, or small streams. Basking is important to these turtles, and they may even be found on steep, slippery snags.

A variety of threats face this species, including the destruction of nests of eggs by animals and insects, falling victim to gill nets, and being shot. False map turtles, much like red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans), have also been collected for the pet trade.

• 
  Clutch preparation of a breeding false map turtle on a meadow
• 
  Same turtle during oviposition

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Graptemys pseudogeographica.

• Conant, R. (1975). A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. xviii + 429 pp. + 48 plates. ISBN 0-395-19979-4 (hardcover), ISBN 0-395-19977-8 (paperback). (Graptemys pseudogeographica, pp. 57–58 + Plate 8 + Map 14).
• Ernst, C.H., J.E. Lovich and R.W. Barbour (1994). Turtles of the United States and Canada. Washington, District of Columbia: Smithsonian Institution Press. 578 pp.
• Gray, J.E. (1831). Synopsis Reptilium; or Short Descriptions of the Species of Reptiles. Part I.—Cataphracta. Tortoises, Crocodiles, and Enaliosaurians. London: Treuttel, Wurz, and Co. viii + 85 pp. + 11 plates. (Emys pseudogeographica, p. 31).
• Smith, H.M., and E.D. Brodie Jr. (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. ISBN 0-307-13666-3 (paperback). (Graptemys pseudogeographica, pp. 50–51).

• Graptemys pseudogeographica Archived 18 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Illinois Natural History Survey
• False Map Turtle, Reptiles and Amphibians of Iowa
• Graptemys pseudogeographica, The Reptile Database