Croatian Chileans

Croatian Chileans
Chileno-croatas; Hrvatski Čileanci
Total population
	380,000-400,000; 2.4% of Chile's population
Regions with significant populations
	Punta Arenas, Santiago, Antofagasta, Iquique
Languages
	Chilean Spanish, Croatian
Religion
	Christianity, mainly Roman Catholic; others
Related ethnic groups
	Croatians

Croatian Chileans (Spanish: Chileno-croatas, pronounced [tʃiˈleno kɾoˈata]; Croatian: čileanski Hrvati or Hrvatski Čileanci) are Chileans of full or partial Croatian descent. Chile has one of the largest communities of ethnic Croats outside Europe, second only to Croatian Americans. They are one of the main examples of successful assimilation of a non-Spanish-speaking European ethnic group into Chilean society. Many successful entrepreneurs, scientists and artists, as well as prominent politicians who have held some of the highest offices in the country, have been of Croatian descent – including the 37th president, Gabriel Boric.

History

Early 20th century ad-poster of Croatian ship ready to travel to South America.

The oppression of the Croatian people and the denial of an internationally recognised nation was the principal factor leading them to embark on a constant migration to Chile. At first they were recognised and officially registered as former citizens of the countries or empires from which they had fled. Until 1915 they were recognised as Austrians, and afterwards up until 1990 as Yugoslavians. Since 1990, and in accordance to the establishment of the newly internationally recognised Republic of Croatia, Chilean Croats have reasserted their cultural and ethnic identity.^[3]

The Croatian community first established itself in two provinces situated at the extreme ends of Chile: Antofagasta, in the Atacama desert of the north and Punta Arenas in the Patagonian region in the south. The large arrival of Croats in Chile began in 1864 and the migration grew steadily until 1956 – reaching several more than 6,000. In the early part of this 1864–1956 era more Croats settled in Argentina than in Chile. For example, in Argentina, the number reached 80,000, but only about 57% of Croats remained in Argentina. Some returned to Europe or moved and settled in Chile where Croats had a more rapid and successful assimilation, which led to a significant increase in the Chilean-Croat population in periods when there was no migration of Croats from Europe to the Americas.^[4]

It is estimated that there are up to 380,000 Chileans of Croatian descent.^[5]^[6] Some sources even increase the number to 400,000 descendants.^[2] Included in the Croatian population are Italian and Istro-Romanian minorities, the latter speak a Romance language relates to Italian; they too easily assimilated to the Chilean society because of related Latin culture.^{[citation needed]}

Dalmatian-Croatian in Chile

The first issue of the publication Sloboda was published in March 1902, in Antofagasta. It was the first newspaper of the Croatian immigrants in Latin America. The Croatian immigrants in Chile conducted extensive journalistic work since 1902, which includes more than 50 newspapers, publications and newsletters.^{[citation needed]}

The Dalmatian coast, with thousands of islands of white rock, covered with vineyards, pine forests and olive trees, is similar to the geographical features of Chile. Most families have a relative or descendant in Chile. Chile's name, unlike other parts of the world where it is almost unknown, is loved and admired by many Dalmatians as a second home.^[7]

Croatians in Punta Arenas

Punta Arenas is the most prominent settlement on the Strait of Magellan and the capital of the Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Region, Chile. It has a population of over 146,000 inhabitants (2008). The city has its roots among the population origin of the European colonists (Croatian and Spanish) that populated the area in the mid-nineteenth century. There are also descendants of people from other countries (i.e. German, English, Italian, Swiss and others).^{[citation needed]}

Croatian immigration in Punta Arenas was a crucial development in the region of Magallanes and the city in particular. Currently, it is possible to see this influence in the names of shops and many buildings.^[8]