Coprinus
Coprinus is a small genus of mushroom-forming fungi consisting of Coprinus comatus—the shaggy ink cap (British) or shaggy mane (American)—and several of its close relatives. Until 2001, Coprinus was a large genus consisting of all agaric species in which the lamellae autodigested to release their spores. The black ink-like liquid this creates gave these species their common name "ink cap" (British) or "inky cap" (American). Molecular phylogenetic investigation found that Coprinus comatus was only a distant relative of the other members of Coprinus, and was closer to genera in the Agaricaceae. Since Coprinus comatus is the type species of Coprinus, only that species and its close relatives C. sterquilinus and C. spadiceisporus retained the name of the genus. The majority of species of Coprinus were therefore reclassified into three genera placed in Psathyrellaceae: Coprinellus, Coprinopsis, and Parasola. Coprinus and these segregate genera are now referred to collectively as coprinoid fungi. Coprinus is New Latin, from the Greek koprinos, "of dung", in reference to the habitat of some of the species.
| Coprinus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Coprinus comatus | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Agaricaceae |
| Genus: | Coprinus Pers. (1797) |
| Type species | |
| Coprinus comatus | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
Coprinus is a small genus of mushroom-forming fungi consisting of Coprinus comatus—the shaggy ink cap (British) or shaggy mane (American)—and several of its close relatives. Until 2001, Coprinus was a large genus consisting of all agaric species in which the lamellae autodigested to release their spores. The black ink-like liquid this creates gave these species their common name "ink cap" (British) or "inky cap" (American).
Molecular phylogenetic investigation found that Coprinus comatus was only a distant relative of the other members of Coprinus, and was closer to genera in the Agaricaceae. Since Coprinus comatus is the type species of Coprinus, only that species and its close relatives C. sterquilinus and C. spadiceisporus retained the name of the genus.[2]
The majority of species of Coprinus were therefore reclassified into three genera placed in Psathyrellaceae: Coprinellus, Coprinopsis, and Parasola.[2] Coprinus and these segregate genera are now referred to collectively as coprinoid fungi.
Coprinus is New Latin, from the Greek koprinos, "of dung", in reference to the habitat of some of the species.[3]
Species
[edit]Species of the genus include, but are not limited to:
- Coprinus calyptratus
- Coprinus comatus (shaggy ink cap, shaggy cap, lawyer's wig)
- Coprinus spadiceisporus
- Coprinus sterquilinus
Selected former species
[edit]- Coprinus atramentarius - now Coprinopsis atramentaria (Common inkcap)
- Coprinus micaceus - now Coprinellus micaceus (Mica cap)
- Coprinus plicatilis - now Parasola plicatilis
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Coprinus Pers". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2015-07-04.
- ^ a b Redhead SA, Vilgalys R, Moncalvo J-M, Johnson J, Hopple JS Jr (2001). "Coprinus Pers. and the disposition of Coprinus species sensu lato". Taxon. 50 (1): 203–241. doi:10.2307/1224525. JSTOR 1224525.
- ^ "Definition of COPRINUS". Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved 2023-04-01.
Other works cited
[edit]- Pierre Montarnal : Le petit guide : Champignons (Genève, 1964; Paris-Hachette, 1969).
- Régis Courtecuisse, Bernard Duhem : Guide des champignons de France et d'Europe (Delachaux & Niestlé, 1994–2000). ISBN 2-603-00953-2
- Roger Phillips : Mushrooms and other fungi of Great Britain and Europe (Pan Books Ltd. 1981 / Book Club Associates 1981) - for the English names.
External links
[edit]
- Coprinoid Mushrooms: The Inky Caps by Michael Kuo, MushroomExpert.com, February, 2005.
- Fungus of the Month for May 2004: Coprinus comatus, the shaggy mane by Tom Volk, TomVolkFungi.net.
- Studies in Coprinus: Coprinus site of Kees Uljé – taxonomy and keys to coprinoid fungi.
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