Botrylloides
Botrylloides is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
| Botrylloides | |
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| Botrylloides magnicoecum | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Subphylum: | Tunicata |
| Class: | Ascidiacea |
| Order: | Stolidobranchia |
| Family: | Styelidae |
| Genus: | Botrylloides Milne-Edwards, 1841[1] |
Botrylloides is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Description
[edit]Like Botryllus, Botrylloides are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls, horseshoe crabs, seaweeds, and any still or slow-moving object in saltwater. Also both are considered to be invasive, found in many ports around the world. Invasive tunicates such as these, Didemnum sp., and Styela clava are a problem for shellfish and other marine life populations, and cause fouling of boats and piers.
Species within the genus Botrylloides include:[1]
- Botrylloides anceps (Herdman, 1891)
- Botrylloides aureum (Sars, 1851)
- Botrylloides chevalense Herdman, 1906
- Botrylloides diegensis Ritter & Forsyth, 1917
- Botrylloides fuscus Saito & Watanabe, 1985
- Botrylloides giganteum (PÈrËs, 1949)
- Botrylloides israeliense Brunetti, 2009
- Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
- Botrylloides lenis Saito & Watanabe, 1985
- Botrylloides lentus Saito & Watanabe, 1985
- Botrylloides magnicoecum (Hartmeyer, 1912)
- Botrylloides nigrum Herdman, 1886
- Botrylloides perspicuus (Herdman, 1886)
- Botrylloides pizoni Brunetti & Mastrototaro, 2012
- Botrylloides saccus Kott, 2003
- Botrylloides simodensis Saito & Watanabe, 1981
- Botrylloides superbum (Drasche, 1883)
- Botrylloides tyreum Herdman, 1886
- Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1927
Species names currently considered to be synonyms:
- Botrylloides albicans Milne Edwards, 1841: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
- Botrylloides aurantium Oka, 1927: synonym of Botryllus aurantius (Oka, 1927)
- Botrylloides aurea Sars, 1851: synonym of Botrylloides aureum (Sars, 1851)
- Botrylloides boloniense Giard, 1875: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
- Botrylloides carnosum Oka, 1927: synonym of Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1927
- Botrylloides chazaliei Sluiter, 1898: synonym of Botrylloides nigrum Herdman, 1886
- Botrylloides clavelina Giard, 1872: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
- Botrylloides cyanescens Giard, 1888: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
- Botrylloides diegense Ritter & Forsyth, 1917: synonym of Botrylloides diegensis Ritter & Forsyth, 1917
- Botrylloides eligulatum Beniaminson, 1975: synonym of Botryllus tuberatus Ritter & Forsyth, 1917
- Botrylloides fulgurale Herdman, 1886: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
- Botrylloides gregalis Sluiter, 1898: synonym of Botryllus gregalis (Sluiter, 1898)
- Botrylloides insigne Giard, 1872: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
- Botrylloides lateritium Beniaminson, 1975: synonym of Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1927
- Botrylloides leachi (Savigny, 1816): synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
- Botrylloides leptum Herdman, 1899: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
- Botrylloides maeandrium Sluiter, 1898: synonym of Botryllus maeandrius (Sluiter, 1898)
- Botrylloides maeandrius Sluiter, 1898: synonym of Botryllus maeandrius (Sluiter, 1898)
- Botrylloides magnicoecus Hartmeyer, 1912: synonym of Botrylloides magnicoecum (Hartmeyer, 1912)
- Botrylloides magnum (Ritter, 1901): synonym of Botryllus magnus Ritter, 1901
- Botrylloides magnus : synonym of Botryllus magnus Ritter, 1901
- Botrylloides meandrinum Sluiter: synonym of Botryllus maeandrius (Sluiter, 1898)
- Botrylloides namei (Hartmeyer & Michaelsen, 1928): synonym of Botryllus planus (Van Name, 1902)
- Botrylloides niger Herdman, 1886: synonym of Botrylloides nigrum Herdman, 1886
- Botrylloides parvulum Huitfeld-Kaas, 1896: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
- Botrylloides parvulus Huitfeld-Kaas, 1896: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
- Botrylloides perspicuum Herdman, 1886: synonym of Botrylloides perspicuus (Herdman, 1886)
- Botrylloides planus : synonym of Botryllus planus (Van Name, 1902)
- Botrylloides prostratum Giard, 1872: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
- Botrylloides purpureum Herdman, 1886: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
- Botrylloides pusilla Alder, 1863: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
- Botrylloides radiata Alder & Hancock, 1848: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
- Botrylloides ramulosa Alder & Hancock, 1848: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
- Botrylloides rotifera Milne Edwards, 1841: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
- Botrylloides rubrum Milne Edwards, 1841: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
- Botrylloides rugosum Gottschaldt, 1894: synonym of Botrylloides aureum (Sars, 1851)
- Botrylloides sparsa Alder, 1863: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
- Botrylloides translucidum Hartmeyer, 1912: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
- Botrylloides vinosa Alder & Hancock, 1912: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
- Botrylloides violaceum Oka, 1927: synonym of Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1927
References
[edit]- ^ a b Sanamyan, K. (2015). Botrylloides Milne Edwards, 1841 . In: Shenkar, N.; Gittenberger, A.; Lambert, G.; Rius, M.; Moreira Da Rocha, R.; Swalla, B.J.; Turon, X. (2015) Ascidiacea World Database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-12-23
External links
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