Authenticity and Development Front
The Authenticity and Development Front (Arabic: جبهة الأصالة والتنمية, romanized: Jabhat al-'asalah wa'l-tanmiyah) was an alliance of rebel groups that was active during the Syrian Civil War. The alliance was considered to be moderate by Charles Lister (from Middle East Institute) and the BBC.
 | This article needs to be updated. (December 2018) |
| Authenticity and Development Front جبهة الأصالة والتنمية[1] Jabhat al-'asalah wa'l-tanmiyah | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Leaders | Khalid al-Hamad[1] |
| Dates of operation | November 2012[2]–January 2025 |
| Active regions | |
| Ideology | Sunni Islamism[4][5] non-political Salafism (disputed)[6] |
| Size | 13,000 (own claim) (2013)[7][8] 2,200-5,000 (2015)[9][4] |
| Part of |  Levant Front (2014[10]–15[11]) Mujahideen Shura Council (2014–2015) Free Syrian Army[6][12][13] Syrian National Army[14][15]
|
| Allies |  Saudi Arabia[16] Turkey Tahrir al-Sham Jaysh al-Islam Ahrar al-Sham Saraya Ahl al-Sham |
| Opponents |  Syrian Arab Armed Forces Iran Russia Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant[17] Hezbollah PFLP-GC Syrian Democratic Forces |
| Battles and wars | Syrian Civil War |
The Authenticity and Development Front (Arabic: جبهة الأصالة والتنمية, romanized: Jabhat al-'asalah wa'l-tanmiyah) was an alliance of rebel groups that was active during the Syrian Civil War. The alliance was considered to be moderate by Charles Lister (from Middle East Institute)[4] and the BBC.[20]
Background
[edit]The coalition includes Islamists, military defectors, and former civilians.[5][10][21] Although the alliance uses Syrian independence flags and symbols, it does not identify itself as part of the Free Syrian Army.[22] One of the groups involved was the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement, which was also part of the Army of Mujahideen,[5] though the Army of Mujahideen announced on 4 May 2014 that the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement had withdrawn from the coalition.[23] The Authenticity and Development Front operated American-made BGM-71 TOW anti-tank missiles captured from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.[24]
Member Groups
[edit]Current
[edit]- The White Shroud
- Unification Army [25]
- Army of Tawhid[26]
- Tajamuu Alwiyat al-Iman Billah
- Liwa Hamah al-Aqidah
- Tajamuu Jund al-Badr Brigade 313
- Lions of Islam Brigade
- Talbisah Brigade
- Falcons of Talbisah Brigade
- Muawiyah Ibn Abi Sufyan Brigade
- Sword of Islam Battalion
- Tajamuu Alwiyat wa Kataib Suyuf al-Haq
- Battalions of the People of Impact[27]
- Abd Al-Rahman Battalions[28]
- Miqdad Bin al-Aswad Battalion[29]
- Division 60
- Jund al-Sham[30]
Former Groups
[edit]- Lions of the East Army[31]
- Liwa Basha’ir al-Nasr[32]
- Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement
- Liwa al-Fatah al-Mubin (Formerly part of the Allahu Akbar Battalions)[33]
- Ibn Taymiyyah Mujahideen Brigades (Joined Ahrar al-Sham)[34]
- New Syrian Army (Expelled from Authenticity and Development Front, continued operations as independent group)
- Allahu Akbar Battalions[35]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "The Non-State Militant Landscape in Syria". Combating Terrorism Center. 27 August 2013. Archived from the original on 15 May 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
- ^ Sinjab, Lina (17 October 2013). "Syria crisis: Guide to armed and political opposition". BBC. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
- ^ "Analysis: Insurgents launch major offensive against Assad regime in Hama province - FDD's Long War Journal". FDD's Long War Journal. 24 March 2017.
- ^ a b c Charles Lister, Yes, there are 70,000 moderate opposition fighters in Syria. Here’s what we know about them Archived 2016-10-24 at the Wayback Machine, The Spectator, 27 November 2015
- ^ a b c "The Mujahedeen Army of Aleppo". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 8 April 2014. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
- ^ a b Lund, Aron (27 August 2013). "The Non-State Militant Landscape in Syria". CTC Sentinel. Archived from the original on 7 October 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
- ^ "Guide to the Syrian rebels". BBC. 13 December 2013. Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
- ^ Aron Lund (2 January 2014). "Fighting in Aleppo, Resisting Geneva: An Interview With the Tawhid Brigade". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 18 August 2025.
- ^ "New U.S.-backed offensive in northern Syria advances on ISIS outposts". McClatchy DC. 17 November 2015. Archived from the original on 23 May 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
- ^ a b "The Levant Front: Can Aleppo's Rebels Unite?". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 26 December 2014. Archived from the original on December 26, 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
- ^ "Key Islamist group Shamiya Front resolves itself: source". Zaman al-Wasl. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
- ^ "Free Syrian Army – Statement". RFS Media Office. 22 March 2016. Archived from the original on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
- ^ Lister, Charles (November 2016). "The Free Syrian Army: A decentralized insurgent brand" (PDF). The Brookings Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World (26).
- ^ "Syrian Rebel Brigades Participating in the Operation Olive Branch [18 January 2018]". Suriye Gündemi. 18 February 2018. Archived from the original on 19 May 2018.
- ^ Ömer Özkizilcik (1 July 2019). "A way out for Russia and Turkey from Idlib's spiral of violence". Middle East Institute.
- ^ "The Gulf and Islamism in Syria: myths and misconceptions | Links". links.org.au.
- ^ "ثوار القلمون يطردون تنظيم "الدولة" من مناطق جديدة". الدرر الشامية. 15 March 2015.
- ^ Image malcolmxtreme.files.wordpress.com [better source needed]
- ^ "جبهة الأصالة والتنمية كتائب أهل الأثر جانب من مشاركتنا في عملية #غصن_الزيتون عفرين". YouTube.
- ^ Guide to the Syrian rebels, BBC, 13 December 2013
- ^ "The Fighting in Abu Kamal (Albukamal): Background and Analysis". Brown Moses Blog. 12 April 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
- ^ "The Factions of Abu Kamal". Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi. 18 December 2013. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
- ^ "Jeish al-Mujahideen Charter – Comment and Translation". Goha's Nail. 4 May 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
- ^ "THE MODERATE REBELS: A GROWING LIST OF VETTED GROUPS FIELDING BGM-71 TOW ANTI-TANK GUIDED MISSILES". Hasan Mustafas. 5 August 2015. Archived from the original on 2 June 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
- ^ "Northern Homs based rebel group joins Authenticity and Development Front". Archived from the original on 2017-08-07. Retrieved 2017-05-22.
- ^ Image twimg.com [better source needed]
- ^ جبهة الأصالةوالتنمية [@alasalawatanmya] (27 February 2018). "#جبهة_الأصالة_والتنمية #كتائب_أهل_الأثر https://t.co/mYc9xbXZYp" (Tweet) (in Arabic). Retrieved 31 December 2020 – via Twitter.
- ^ جبهة الأصالةوالتنمية [@alasalawatanmya] (26 April 2017). "#جبهة_الأصالة_والتنمية #كتائب_عباد_الرحمن https://t.co/yXLeej74mL" (Tweet) (in Arabic). Retrieved 31 December 2020 – via Twitter.
- ^ Image twimg.com [better source needed]
- ^ Image Archived 2019-10-20 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "The Authenticity and Development front cuts all of its ties with the New Syrian Army. | en.deirezzor24.net". Archived from the original on 2018-09-02. Retrieved 2018-09-02.
- ^ "Mesopotamische Gesellschaft « the White Shroud: A Syrian Resistance Movement to the Islamic State / By Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi".
- ^ "Key Updates on Albukamal (Abu Kamal)".
- ^ "Syrian Civil War factions".
- ^ Al-Tamimi, Aymenn Jawad (18 December 2013). "The Factions of Abu Kamal". Middle East Forum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
External links
[edit]
the Syrian civil war at Wikipedia's sister projects
