ADAMTS

ADAMTS (short for a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) is a family of multidomain extracellular protease enzymes.^[1] Nineteen members of this family have been identified in humans, the first of which, ADAMTS1, was described in 1997.^[2] Known functions of the ADAMTS proteases include processing of procollagens and von Willebrand factor as well as cleavage of aggrecan, versican, brevican and neurocan, making them key remodeling enzymes of the extracellular matrix. They have been demonstrated to have important roles in connective tissue organization, coagulation, inflammation, arthritis, angiogenesis and cell migration.^[3]^[4] Homologous subfamily of ADAMTSL (ADAMTS-like) proteins, which lack enzymatic activity, has also been described.^[5] Most cases of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura arise from autoantibody-mediated inhibition of ADAMTS13.

Like ADAMs, the name of the ADAMTS family refers to its disintegrin and metalloproteinase activity, and in the case of ADAMTS, the presence of a thrombospondin motif.

ADAMTS family members

Clinical findings and distribution of affected organs in individuals with Mendelian disorders caused by pathogenic mutations in different ADAMTS family genes. Predominant and recurrently reported clinical presentations of eight ADAMTS genes with a strong causal relationship to Mendelian disorders are marked according to organ. Heterogeneous distribution of affected organ types indicates the phenotypic heterogeneity among hereditary disorders caused by pathogenic germline mutations in ADAMTS genes. From a review by Rim et al., 2020^[6]

ADAMTS1 (or METH-1), an antiangiogenic
ADAMTS2
ADAMTS3
ADAMTS4
ADAMTS5 (=ADAMTS11)
ADAMTS6
ADAMTS7
ADAMTS8 (or METH-2), an antiangiogenic^[7]
ADAMTS9
ADAMTS10
ADAMTS12
ADAMTS13
ADAMTS14
ADAMTS15
ADAMTS16
ADAMTS17
ADAMTS18
ADAMTS19
ADAMTS20

References

^ Brocker, C; Vasiliou, V; Nebert, DW (Oct 2009). "Evolutionary divergence and functions of the ADAM and ADAMTS gene families". Human Genomics. 4 (1): 43–55. doi:10.1186/1479-7364-4-1-43. PMC 3500187. PMID 19951893.
^ Porter, Sarah; Clark, Ian M.; Kevorkian, Lara; Edwards, Dylan R. (15 February 2005). "The ADAMTS metalloproteinases". Biochemical Journal. 386 (1): 15–27. doi:10.1042/BJ20040424. PMC 1134762. PMID 15554875.
^ Apte, Suneel (2004). "A disintegrin-like and metalloprotease (reprolysin type) with thrombospondin type 1 motifs: the ADAMTS family". The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 15 (6): 981–985. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.01.014. PMID 20036837.
^ Kelwick, Richard; Desanlis, Ines; Wheeler, Grant N; Edwards, Dylan R (2015-05-30). "The ADAMTS (A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin motifs) family". Genome Biology. 16 (1): 113. doi:10.1186/s13059-015-0676-3. PMC 4448532. PMID 26025392.
^ Cormier-Daire V, Le Goff C (2011). "The ADAMTS(L) family and human genetic disorders". Human Molecular Genetics. 20 (R2): R163–R167. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddr361. PMID 21880666.
^ Rim JH, Choi YJ, Gee HY (March 2020). "Genomic Landscape and Mutational Spectrum of ADAMTS Family Genes in Mendelian Disorders Based on Gene Evidence Review for Variant Interpretation". Biomolecules. 10 (3): 449. doi:10.3390/biom10030449. PMC 7175297. PMID 32183147.
^ METH-2 silencing and promoter hypermethylation in NSCLC

[1] Brocker, C; Vasiliou, V; Nebert, DW (Oct 2009). "Evolutionary divergence and functions of the ADAM and ADAMTS gene families". Human Genomics. 4 (1): 43–55. doi:10.1186/1479-7364-4-1-43. PMC 3500187. PMID 19951893.

[2] Porter, Sarah; Clark, Ian M.; Kevorkian, Lara; Edwards, Dylan R. (15 February 2005). "The ADAMTS metalloproteinases". Biochemical Journal. 386 (1): 15–27. doi:10.1042/BJ20040424. PMC 1134762. PMID 15554875.

[3] Apte, Suneel (2004). "A disintegrin-like and metalloprotease (reprolysin type) with thrombospondin type 1 motifs: the ADAMTS family". The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 15 (6): 981–985. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.01.014. PMID 20036837.

[4] Kelwick, Richard; Desanlis, Ines; Wheeler, Grant N; Edwards, Dylan R (2015-05-30). "The ADAMTS (A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin motifs) family". Genome Biology. 16 (1): 113. doi:10.1186/s13059-015-0676-3. PMC 4448532. PMID 26025392.

[5] Cormier-Daire V, Le Goff C (2011). "The ADAMTS(L) family and human genetic disorders". Human Molecular Genetics. 20 (R2): R163–R167. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddr361. PMID 21880666.

[pmid32183147-6] Rim JH, Choi YJ, Gee HY (March 2020). "Genomic Landscape and Mutational Spectrum of ADAMTS Family Genes in Mendelian Disorders Based on Gene Evidence Review for Variant Interpretation". Biomolecules. 10 (3): 449. doi:10.3390/biom10030449. PMC 7175297. PMID 32183147.

[7] METH-2 silencing and promoter hypermethylation in NSCLC

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v t e Proteases: metalloendopeptidases (EC 3.4.24)
ADAM proteins	Alpha secretases ADAM9 ADAM10 ADAM17 ADAM19 ADAM2 ADAM7 ADAM8 ADAM11 ADAM12 ADAM15 ADAM18 ADAM22 ADAM23 ADAM28 ADAM33 ADAMTS1 ADAMTS2 ADAMTS3 ADAMTS4 ADAMTS5 ADAMTS8 ADAMTS9 ADAMTS10 ADAMTS12 ADAMTS13
Matrix metalloproteinases	Collagenases MMP1 MMP8 Gelatinases MMP2 MMP9 MMP3 MMP7 MMP10 MMP11 MMP12 MMP13 MMP14 MMP15 MMP16 MMP17 MMP19 MMP20 MMP21 MMP23A MMP23B MMP24 MMP25 MMP26 MMP27 MMP28
Other	Neprilysin Procollagen peptidase Thermolysin Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A Bone morphogenetic protein 1 Lysostaphin Insulin-degrading enzyme ZMPSTE24

v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)

ADAMTS

ADAMTS family members

See also

References